Nonperturbative Formulation of String Theory and Quantum Gravity

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A constructive formulation of string theory is proposed and analyzed. We have expressed string theory in terms of a matrix model called IIB matrix model and examined whether the dimension of the space-time and the field contents of the standard model are properly generated by this model. Although we need an intensive numerical simulation to prove the validity of our formalism, we expect that this model will explain various physical quantities such as masses of quarks and leptons.