RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT OF SIMPLE PURIFICATION OF RAIN WATER AND DOMESTIC SEWAGE EXCEPT NIGHT SOIL BY USING VOLCANIC EJECTA

1. 一些城市收集了雨水和生活污水，除了夜土。通过测定正离子浓度、阴离子浓度和pH值来考察其特征，发现樱岛火山喷发的火山灰使雨水pH值降低。洗浴和清洁的污水呈碱性。雨水中阳离子和阴离子的浓度都很低。洗浴污水中Na^+和Ca^<2+>浓度较高，清洗污水中Na^+浓度较高。洗浴和清洗污水中含有丰富的Cl^-、NO_3^-和SO_4^<2->。NO_3^-和NO_2^-总量超过自来水水质标准值。结果是考虑到污染、肥皂和洗涤的影响。采用火山喷出物（Shirasu）制备吸附剂。考察了除夜土外雨水和生活污水对阳离子、阴离子和悬浮固体（SS）的吸附特性。洗浴和清洗污水中Na^+、Mg^<2+>、Ca^<2+>、Cl^-、NO_3^-和SO_4^<2->的含量下降了约30-40%。在过滤操作中进行改进，有望提高净化能力。以火山喷出物（白素和火山灰）为原料制备吸附剂。研究了除夜土（厨房污水和清洁污水）外的生活污水对有机物（TOC）的吸附特性。对于这两种污水，白露的去除速率都大于火山灰。两种吸附剂（白松和火山灰）对厨房污水的去除率均大于清洁污水的去除率。预期在改善操作条件的情况下，净化率的提高是可能的。

1. Rain water and domestic sewage except night soil were gathered in some cities. The characteristics were examined by measuring the concentration of cations and anions and pH.The pH in the rain water showed becoming low by ash issuing from Sakurajima volcano. The sewages of bath and cleaning showed basicity. The concentration of both cations and anions in the rain water were low. The concentration of Na^+ amd Ca^<2+> in the sewages of bath and that of Na^+ in the sewages of cleaning were high respectively. The sewages of bath and cleaning contain Cl^-, NO_3^- and SO_4^<2-> abundantly. The total of NO_3^- and NO_2^- exceeded water quality criteria value of tap water. The consequence is thought about with influence of pollutes, soap and wash.2. The adsorbent was prepared by using volcanic ejecta (Shirasu). The adsorption characteristics about cations, anions and suspended solid (SS) were examined for the rain water and domestic sewage except night soil. Na^+, Mg^<2+>, Ca^<2+>, Cl^-, NO_3^- and SO_4^<2-> decresed approximately 30-40% for the sewages of bath and cleaning. It is expected that purification capacity can be raised in operation of filtration carrying out improvement.3. The adsorbent was prepared by using volcanic ejecta (Shirasu and volcanic ash). The adsorption characteristics about organic matter (TOC) were examined for the domestic sewage except night soil (the sewages of kitchen and cleaning). The rate of removal by Shirasu was greater than that by volcanic ash for both sewages. The rate of removal of the sewages of kitchen was greater than that of the sewages of cleaning for both adsorbents (Shirasu and volcanic ash). It is expected that an increase in purification rate is possible in amelioration of the operating condition.