Regeneration of Pinus parviflora forests on ridges

在山毛榉森林山脉的山脊上，小花松是优势树种之一。通过分析物种优势度与地形、土壤剖面的关系，确定了哪些物种在峰度较高的垄上占优势，在峰度较低的垄上以小花青冈为主，在较低峰度的垄上以水曲柳为主。土壤剖面有B-Horison和无B-Horison两种类型。在B-Horison存在的位置上，crenata占优势，而在B-Horison不存在的位置上，P.parviflora占优势。结果表明，峰度和B-Horison的存在与否可以确定山脊上的优势种。在山脊3种微地形(中央、东坡、西坡)上，研究了12年来小花杨的生长和死亡情况。位于日本的一个大雪地区。三种微地形对松树的频率提升、退化和死亡的影响差异显著，而松树的相对生长率差异不显著。西坡松树生长率高于东坡，东坡松树死亡率高于西坡，东坡松树断干偏斜率占60%，西坡健树占80%，认为是受冬季风和强降雪的影响，松树生长率、残存率、死亡率和树形的变化均受到影响。

On the ridges of beech forest mountains, Pinus parviflora is one of the dominant species. To determain the factors that which species is dominant on the ridges, We analyzed the relationship among species dominance, topography and soil profile.P.parviflora dominated on the high kurtosis ridges, and Fagus crenata dominated on the low kurtosis ridges. Soil profile had two types, B-horison exist or not. F.crenata dominated at the site that B-horison exist and P.parviflora dominated at the site that B-horison doesn't exist. It was showed that the kurtosis and B-horison exist or not could define the dominant species on the ridges.We studied the growth and mortality for twelve years of P.parvi flora trees standing on three microtopography ( center , east slope, west slope ) of a ridge at the Mt. Iide in a heavy snow-fall region, Japan. The differences of frequency promotion, demotion and mortality of pines were significant for three microtopography, though the differences of the relative growth rate (RGR) of pines was not significant for them. The rate of promotion of pines on the west slope was higher than east slope, and the mortality on the east slope was higher than west slope, On the east slope, the rate of tree form for stem breakage and leaning accounted for 60 percent of all, On the contrary, the rate of the sound trees accounted for 80 percent of all on the west slope, It was considered that variations of the rate of promotion and remains, mortality and the rate of tree forms were influenced by winter monsoon .and a heavy snow-fall.