Amplification of glucose transporter gene, sugar transferase gene, and metaslasis.

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Increased glucose transport is a common characteristic of most tumors. To examine the role of elevated glucose uptake in lung cancer, we performed PCR amplification of 2 facilitative glucose transporter genes (GLUT1 and GLUT3) and immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and sialyl Lewis x (SL_eX) on tumor specimens from 327 patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical resection from 1980 to 1993. To evaluate the relationship between GLUT,alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST), and alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase (Fuc-T) genes which are involved in the synthesis of SL_eX,PCR amplification of these genes also was performed.1. To date, five human ST and five human Fuc-T genes have been cloned, of which ST3N and Fuc-TVII are most likely to be responsible for SL_eX synthesis from the results that only the frequencies of ST3N and Fuc-TVII amplification related well with the grade of SL_eX staining.2. Amplification of GLUT1 was significantly greater than that of GLUT3. GLUT1 and GLUT3 amplification correlated with PCNA staining (P<0.01). In addition, GLUT1 amplification correlated with the grading of SL_eX staining (P<0.03).3. GLUT1 was co-amplified with ST3N and Fuc-TVII genes (P<0.01).4. The survival of patients whose tumors showed GLUT1 amplification was significantly shorter than that of patients whose tumors did not (P<0.01). In a multivariate analysis of survival, GLUT1 remained a statistically significant prognostic factor.Our results suggests that GLUT1 amplification may participate in SL_eX synthesis as well as in proliferation, and may be of prognostic value in lung cancer.