Eastern Japan Kenjutsu Schools in the Last Days of du Tokugawa Shejinati : A Study on brow they gained their influence

在18世纪和19世纪，新的忍术流派开始在关东平原（日本东部）产生影响，并引入了一种新的练习shinai-u hikenjutsu的方法，在这种方法中，穿着护具的剑客实际上用shinai竹剑相互刺击，而在传统流派中，这种方法被称为kata-uchi，这是一种只练习形式的方法。直到明治20年（19世纪80年代末），本系列的研究主要是通过对日本近代剑道流派的个案研究，来探讨日本近代剑道运动是如何从传统武术向剑道运动转化的，以及剑道运动是如何在关东平原上传播的。本研究的第一个部分是通过绘制19世纪80年代末的关东平原，特别是东京及其周边地区的影响力分布图，来说明这些著名的学校是如何在关东平原，特别是在东京及其周边地区获得影响力的。

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, new henjutsu schools began to gain influence in the Kanto plains (eastern Japan) and intrduced a new method of practice shinai-u hikenjutsu, in which swordsmen with protective gears actually thrust at each other with a shinai bamboo sword, whereas in the traditional schools the method was called kata-uchi, which is a practice of forms only. New schools continued to gain influence up until the 20th year of Meiji Emperor's reign [toward the end of 1880's], and in the later years they together had a decisive on the formation of modern kendo.The current series of studies focus on how the tranditional martial arts were transformed into a sport of kendo and on how the new sport spread in the Kanto Plains based on case studies of such new schools at the time as Nenryu school, Jikishinkageryu school, Shintomunenryu school, Kasumishinryu school.The first in the series, the present study tries to illustrate how the prominent schools gained their influence in the Kanto Plains, notably in Tokyo and its vicinities, toward the end of 1880's by drawing a distribution map of their spheres of influence.