Structure, mechanism of formation and genetic regulation of associations between lignin and polysaccharides in plant cell walls

木质素和多糖之间的关联是植物科学中大量研究的主题，但该关联的经济影响尚未得到很好的认识。在造纸用的化学纸浆中，与多糖牢固连接的残余木质素通过使用氯或二氧化氯漂白而被去除。漂白系统中有毒、致突变的氯化物如强力霉素等被释放到生态系统中。饲用植物成熟过程中营养价值的降低可能是由于木质素和多糖之间形成了缔合物。任何维管植物的木质化次生壁都具有不同程度的木质素和多糖之间的关联，并且取决于植物物种具有不同类型的键合。通过化学取代细胞壁而可视化的关联表明，植物器官的重要部分通过关联而机械地加强。木质素大分子是柔性的，并且可以覆盖多糖原纤维的表面并与多糖基质自由缠结，以及形成共价键。综述了木质素与多糖之间的连接类型，特别是植物木质素细胞壁的化学和大分子特征。

The associations between lignin and polysaccharides are the subjects of much study in plant science, but the economic impact of the associations is not well recognised. Residual lignins linked firmly to polysaccharides in chemical pulp for paper making are removed by bleaching using chlorine or chlorine dioxide. Toxic and mutagenic chlorinated chemicals such as doxin are released into ecosystems from bleaching system. Lowering of nutritive values of forage plants during maturation is probably due to the formation of associations between lignin and polysaccharides. It is important, therefore to elucidate the biological, biochemical and chemical features of the associations.Lignified secondary walls of any vascular plants have associations between lignin and polysaccharides of different extent and with different types of linkages depending on the plant species. The associations visualized by chemical substitution of walls suggest that the important parts of plant organs are reinforced mechanically by the associations. Lignin macromolecules are flexible, and can cover the surface of polysaccharide fibrils and freely entangle with the polysaccharide matrix, as well as forming covalent linkages. Current understanding of the linkage types between lignin and polysaccharides is reviewed, with particular, attention to the chemical and macromolecular features of lignin cell walls of plants.