The Research on the Conditions for Establishing Ecologically Sound Local Communities in Remote Rural Areas: A Tentative of the Environmental Sociology for Independent Local Communities

这项研究旨在探讨在有机农林的基础上建立可持续和独立的生态健全的地方社区的条件。在本研究中，笔者选取了五个农村地区，主要采用集中访谈法对每个地区进行了实地调查，收集了相关资料。入选的五个油田分别是岛根县的大泉县、爱美县的秋滨町、宫崎县的阿亚町、鹿儿岛的矢岛岛和阳阳县的永井市。在这些偏远的农村地区，人们试图以有机农业为主要活动，结合当地产业利用当地资源和生态旅游来重建和振兴当地社区。本文主要从两个方面进行分析。一个是岛根市的大水地区，有机农业运动在Kisuki-nyugyo(奶牛场成立的公司)的领导下扩大；另一个是爱美县的Akehama-cho，那里的柑橘种植者团体Muchachaen主动推动有机农业。通过这些运动(以有机农业为基础)，两个社区都建立了当地的内生性企业，并确保了管理当地社区自治的人。每一次运动都带来了具有全新社会关系的“当地合作社区”模式，即所谓的“亲密领域”，以及与城市消费者建立的网络。每一次运动的发展历程，都预示着当前社会经济体制改革的方向，以及未来城市与边远地区合作共建“生态社区”的途径。

This research aims at examining the conditions for establishing ecologically sound local communities as being sustainable and independent based on the organic agriculture and forestry. For this research, I selected five rural areas, and then made a field survey in each area mainly using an intensive interview method and collected the related materials. The five chosen fields are Okuizumo region in shimane, Akehama-cho in Ehime, Aya-cho in Miyazaki, Yakushima Island in Kagoshima and Nagai-shi in Yang. In these remote rural areas people are trying to reconstruct and vitalize their local communities by organic agriculture as main activity in combination with local industries utilizing local resources and eco-tourism.In this report, I attempted an analysis mainly of two fields. One is Okuizumo region in Shimane, where the organic agriculture movement has expanded under the leadership of Kisuki-nyugyo (the company established by dairy farms).The other is Akehama-cho in Ehime, where a group of citrus fruits growers, "Muchachaen", has taken the initiative in promoting the organic agriculture. Through these movements (based on organic agriculture), both communities established local endogenous businesses and secured people who manage self-government of local communities. Each movement effected also to introduce models of " cooperative local community" with a qualitatively new social relationship so-called "intimate sphere", and networks with urban consumers. The developing processes of each movement suggested the direction of the reform of present social economic systems and the way of the cooperation between urban cities and remote rural areas in the future establishing "ecologically sound local community".