Research on the present working situation of the new subject "LER : Lifeplanning-Ethics-Religion (Lebensgestaltung-Ethik-Religion)" in the Federal Republic of Germany

在社会急剧变革的当代社会，存在着大量由班主任等通过学校组织和课堂组织进行指导的课堂指导实践本研究通过对新课程“LER：德国勃兰登堡州自1992年开始实施“生命规划-伦理-宗教”（Lebensgestaltung-Religion）计划，经过1992-1995年的试点，勃兰登堡州政府决定于1995年10月开始实施。到1998年为止，大约有250所中学的1 600个一年级至四年级的班级的语文教师实施了语文教育。从一个班级中分出两个小组，每个小组由一名教师负责，每周两小时左右。更有趣的是，我们发现，在勃兰登堡州的中学中，这节课确实是在以“最优先的课程“（Schwerpunkstunde）为主题进行小组指导。关于这一实践的持续研究是很重要的。与此相关，我们在柏林市发现了以“社会学习（Soziales Lernen）“为名的各种课堂指导和小组指导实践。这些实践活动主要由小学“冲突解决”的学习、中学“预防暴力和改善健康”的学校项目实践、中小学“晨圈“的自愿实践等构成，对这些实践活动的持续研究也具有重要意义。

In contemporary societies under drastic social changing, there exists a plenty of practices of classroom guidance directing by homeroom teachers and others through school organization and classroom organization (or quasi-classroom small group organization) in order to foster motivation of pupils to school life.In this study we researched about the process of formation and present state of the new subject "LER : Lifeplanning-Ethics-Religion (Lebensgestaltung-Ethik-Religion)" which was implementing in Brandenburg State, the Federal Republic of Germany since 1992.The government of Brandenburg State decided to put LER into practice since October 1995 after the trial period 1992-1995. Up to now 1998, LER are put into practice by about LER-teachers at the 1600 classes from 1st grade to 4th grade of 250 secondary schools. Two groups classified from one class are put in charge of each by one teacher about two hous a week.Furthemore interestingly, we found the lesson surely doing group guidance under the subject name of "Lesson with overriding priority (Schwerpunkstunde) " in secondarty schools of Brandenburg State. It is important to research continuously about this practice.In relation to these we found various practices of classroom guidance and group guidance under the name of "Social Learning (Soziales Lernen) " in Berlin City. They are mainly constituted from the learning of "conflict solution" in primary schools, the practice of school project for violence prevention and improving health" in secondary schools, and the voluntary practice of "morning circle (Morgen Kreis) " in both primary and secondary schools, etc. It is also significant to research continuously about these practices.