Study on the Japanese Law of Commercial Organization and Transactions after the Reform for a new financial system in the Era of the Globalization

1.最近，日本金融体系的革命极大地推动了我们的产业结构改革和企业更有效率的运营，但我们也面临着如何应对这种困难局面，保护消费者免受强大公司攻击的问题。这种情况正在影响(1)公司现在应该是什么组织，(2)公司交易规则，(3)诉讼结构。本研究就是围绕这三个问题展开的。对于第一个问题，我们认为，特别是在公司资产处置方面，在公司面临经济困难的情况下，它可以在没有股东批准的情况下被克隆，但也有必要重新思考，公司可以在没有股东大会决议的情况下处置其资产，在母公司和子公司之间转移资产。在日本，与欧盟国家一样，消费者合同法和金融产品销售法已于去年通过，因此这些法律将于今年生效。我们指出，为了寻求格式合同条款的透明度，建立格式合同的解释制度是非常重要的。我们在构建英国保险政策的背景下考察了这一问题。最后，从保护消费者的角度出发，我们认为在我们的诉讼制度中引入集体诉讼是适当的，以使我们的公共利益根据公共政策优先。

1. Recently, the revolution of the financial system in Japan has greatly prompted the reformation of our industrial structure and a more efficient operation of enterprises, while we also have faced the issues of how we can cope with such a difficult situation and protect the consumer against powerful companies. This situation is influencing (1) what companies' organization should be now, (2) the rules of corporate transactions, and (3) the structure of lawsuits. This research is to focus on these three issues.2. As to the first issue, we argue that, particularly with the disposition of companies' assets, it can be clone without the shareholders' approval where the company faces economical difficulty, but that is also necessary to rethink that a company can dispose of its assets without the resolution of a shareholder meeting where the assets are transferred between parent and subsidiary companies.3. In Japan, as in the case of the EU countries, the Consumer Contract Law and the Law on Sale of Financial Products were passed last year, so these laws will come into force this year. We pointed out that it is very important to establish a system of construction of standard form contracts in order to seek the transparency of terms of such contracts. We examined this issue in the context of the construction of the UK insurance policy.4. Lastly, from the standpoint of consumer protection, we argue that it is appropriate to introduce a class action into our system of lawsuits in order that our public interests will take first preference in accordance with public policy.