Unified Analysis of Structure Formations and Evolutions in the Deep Universe

1. 我们建立了一个求解星系形成问题的半解析模型，并利用这个基于分层聚类的半解析模型得到了一些有趣的结果。通过使用这个模型，我们试图澄清在星系形成模型中从未考虑过的物理过程对星系形成和演化的影响。此外，我们还试图约束宇宙学模型和一些与星系形成有关的物理过程，如恒星的形成。关于星系形成的详细主题如下所示。(1)澄清了原天体合并历史对现代暗物质晕角动量分布的影响。(2)利用包含光电离过程的半解析模型研究了紫外背景辐射对星系形成的影响，阐明了其对星系形成的影响。(3)利用星系形成的半解析模型计算了椭圆星系中低温气体的探测率，并与观测结果进行了比较。然后我们就可以限制星系形成中的恒星形成速率。(4)利用半解析模型阐明了分层聚类场景下星系团中椭圆星系色等关系的物理起源。(5)采用基于分层聚类场景的半解析模型对星系数进行了分析。在该模型中，我们引入了由于高红移时表面亮度迅速变暗以及星系间HI云和内部尘埃的吸收而产生的选择效应，这些在以往的星系计数分析中没有考虑到。研究了一维重力片中的弛豫、李亚普诺夫不稳定性时标与Kolmogorov-Sinai时间之间的关系。我们发现到最终热平衡的松弛时间不同于Lyapunov指数逆和Kolmogorov-Sinai时间。在强非线性状态下，我们发现了两点空间相关函数与暗物质晕密度分布之间的关系。少

1. We developed a semi-analytic model for resolving the problems of galaxy formations and got some interesting results using this semi-analytic model based on the hierarchical clustering. By using this model, we tried to clarify what physical processes, which have never been taken into account in the galaxy formation models, influence on galaxy formations and evolutions. Furthermore, we tried to constrain the cosmological models and some physical processes concerned in the galaxy formations, such as star formations. The detailed topics on the galaxy formations are shown below.(1) The effects of merging histories of proto-objects on the angular momentum distributions of the present-time dark matter haloes were clarified.(2) We investigated the effects of the UV background radiation on galaxy formations by using the semi-analytic model including the photoionization process and we clarified its effects on the galaxy formations.(3) We calculated the detection rate of cold gas in elliptical … More galaxies using the semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, and compared it with observations. Then we could constrain the star formation rates in the galaxy formations.(4) We clarified the physical origin of the color-magnitude relation of elliptical galaxies in clusters of galaxies in the hierarchical clustering scenario by using the semi-analytic model.(5) The galaxy number counts are analyzed by using the semi-analytic model based on the hierarchical clustering scenario. In this model, we introduced the selection effects due to the rapidly dimming surface brightness at high redshift and the absorption by intergalactic HI clouds and by internal dust, which are not considered in the previous analysis of galaxy counts.2. The relation between relaxation, the time scale of Lyapunov instabilities, and the Kolmogorov-Sinai time in a one-dimensional gravitating sheet is studied. We found that the relaxation time to the final thermal equilibrium differs from the inverse of the Lyapunov exponents and the Kolmogorov-Sinai time.3. We found the relation between the two-point spatial correlation function and the density profile of the dark matter halos in the strongly nonlinear regime. Less