Functional dissection of motility initiation in sea-urchin sperm flagella

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I improved the temporal and spacial resolution of stroboscopic micrography investing electronic circuitry for driving a high power xenon flash. This enabled us utilizing 35-mm microfilm of excellent granularity for higher spacial resolution. The new stroboscope could work at as high as 6 kHz. I wrote an image analysis software, Bohboh. exe, which can be executed on Microsoft Windows 9x/NT.The analysis of motility initiation in sea-urchin sperm flagella by these novel techniques revealed distinct motility states in stages: bend-unbend stage, p-bend-only stage and steady flagellar beating stage.The analysis of movement at relative high temporal resolution together with very high spacial resolution of sea-urchin sperm reactivated around 10 μM revealed clustered activation of motor molecule dynein local between one or two doublet pair and distributed helically along the axoneme.