Taxomomy of Deviations to Prevent Safety-Related Oversights

当功能单元偏离正常状态时，就会发生系统故障。如果系统设计者能够列举功能单元的潜在偏差，则可以减少这些故障。根据可能性和严重性，一些偏差可以忽略不计。而其他的则应该通过修改设计来解决。这项研究将与安全有关的偏差分类，以方便发现偏差。1998年的研究使用标签来表征系统元素。例如，风扇的叶片可以被标记为可从中发现意外停机和异常转速的“旋转部件”。总共列出了35个标签。为了帮助这一发现，开发了一个交互式计算机程序。1999年的研究集中在材料和功能上。这些材料被归类为原材料。产品。服务物资和仓储物资。这些功能被分为约束。转型。和一代人。功能偏差包括执行失败和未能达到规范。从力等应力源的角度对材料失效进行分类。扭矩。太热了。温度。和压力。汽车存在补燃偏差。

System failures occur when functional units deviate from normalcy. These failures can be decreased if system designers can enumerate potential deviations of functional units. Some deviations can be neglected based on possibility and seriousness. and others should be coped with by design modifications. This study classifies safety-related deviations to facilitate discovery of the deviations.The 1998 study uses labels for characterization of system elements. For instance, a blade of a fan can be labeled as a "rotating part" from which inadvertent stoppage and abnormal rotation rate can be found. A total of 35 labels are listed. An interactive computer program is developed to aid the discovery.The 1999 study focuses on materials and functions. The materials are grouped into raw materials. products. service materials and storage materials. The functions are classified into constraint. transformation. and generation. Functional deviations include execution failure and failure to achieve specifications. Material failures are classified from points of view of stressors such as force. torque. heat. temperature. and pressure. An after-burning deviation can be found for automobiles.