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Differentiation of food habit in tree-boring insects and its ecological and evolutional significance

蛀树昆虫食性分化及其生态和进化意义

基本信息

批准号：
10660144
负责人：
KAJIMURA Hisashi
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The major results are summarized as follows.1. Some biological features such as emergence trend, longevity and attack pattern of wood borers, which were found in their host trees, felled bloadleaved-trees inculuding Acer spp., were examined for the project term. The features were compared among collection sites, Iwate, Fukui, Aichi, Mie and Shimane.2. Dissection of emerging adults of a xiphydriid woodwasp, Xiphydria ogasawarai, revealed that females possessed a new type of mycangia filled with fungal spores and produced a slime-like secretion in mucus reservoir (Kajimura 2000). The mycangial fungi were isolated and incubated on culture media.3. Seed-insect fauna of pre-dispersal acorns and seasonal patterns of acorn fall (Fukumoto and Kajimura 1999) and attack patterns of the insects on the acorns, in particular emergence periods of major species (Fukumoto and Kajimura 1999, in Japanese), were investigated in a mixed stand of Quercus variabilis and Q.serrata. Oviposition (boring) perio … More ds of the insects were clarified by using an original method in the stand, and interspecific competition between acorn-feeding guilds according to the periods was discussed (Fukumoto and Kajimura 2001).Fluctuation patterns of acorn production and insect infestation were detected by analysis of inner conditions in the acorns that fell into seed traps for four years (Fukumoto and Kajimura 2000, in Japanese). Rates of hypocotyl and radicle survival and of germination success were examined in relation to endosperm loss due to the insects (Fukumoto and Kajimura 2000).4. In some species of ambrosia beetles, isolations of fungi were made from walls of galleries in the host trees and mycangia of beetle adults. The isolated fungi were cultured under different conditions of temperature and humidity. Based on results of these experiments, a semi-artificial diet for rearing of the beetles was established, and a simple method for determining growth periods of their offsprings was also developed (Mizuno and Kajimura 2000, in Japanese). By the method, effects of temperature on the offspring growth were clarified. Degrees of dependence of the beetles on the isolated fungi were evaluated from view points of survival rate and other fitness compornents by artificial rearing experiments, which gave a notable result suggesting that primary ambrosia fungi associated with one beetle species are potential food for larvae of other species (Kajimura 1998). All the results and informations about ambrosia beetles, some of which were obtained in the 6th European Congress of Entomology, were summaried and reviewed, and further works were also proposed (Kajimura 1998, in Japanese ; Kajimura 2000, in Japanese). Less

主要研究结果如下：1.本文对木虱在其寄主树种--采伐的阔叶树（包括槭属）上的发生趋势、寿命和为害方式等生物学特性进行了研究，对项目期限进行了审查。比较了岩手、福井、爱知、三重和岛根等采集地的特征.解剖剑突木蜂（Xiphydria ogasawarai）的羽化成虫，发现雌性具有一种新型的充满真菌孢子的菌囊，并在粘液库中产生粘液样分泌物（Kajimura 2000）。分离真菌，培养.在栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis）和锯缘栎（Q. serrata）混交林中，对扩散前橡实种子昆虫区系、橡实凋落的季节性格局（Fukumoto and Kajimura 1999）以及橡实上昆虫的攻击模式，特别是主要种的羽化期（Fukumoto and Kajimura 1999，in Japanese）进行了调查。产卵期 ...更多信息通过分析落入种子诱捕器4年的橡子内部条件，发现橡子产量和虫害的波动模式（Fukumoto and Kajimura 2000，in Japanese）。下胚轴和胚根的存活率和发芽成功率与昆虫造成的胚乳损失有关（Fukumoto和Kajimura 2000）。在某些种类的豚草甲虫中，真菌的分离是从寄主树木的廊道壁和甲虫成虫的真菌囊中进行的。分离的真菌在不同的温度和湿度条件下培养。根据这些实验的结果，建立了用于饲养甲虫的半人工饲料，还开发了用于确定其后代生长期的简单方法（Mizuno和Kajimura 2000，日文）。通过该方法，阐明了温度对子代生长的影响。通过人工饲养实验，从存活率和其他适合度因子的角度评估了甲虫对分离真菌的依赖程度，这给出了一个显著的结果，表明与一种甲虫物种相关的原生豚草真菌是其他物种幼虫的潜在食物（Kajimura 1998）。对第6届欧洲昆虫学大会上有关豚草甲虫的研究结果和信息进行了总结和评述，并提出了进一步的工作建议（Kajimura 1998，日文; Kajimura 2000，日文）。少