Nitrogen Budgets and Soil Nitrogen Leaching of Beef Production System Based on Forage Production.

基于饲料生产的牛肉生产系统的氮预算和土壤氮淋溶。

• 批准号: 10660257
• 负责人: KUROKAWA Yuzo
• 金额: $ 0.51万
• 依托单位: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10660257/
• 关键词: combined system; grazing; cutting; forage production; cattle gain; soil nitrogen; pasture management; nitrogen budget; 土壌中無機機態窒素; 窒素施肥; 牧草収量; 溶脱; 土壌中硝酸態窒素; 牧草中硝酸態窒素; 硝酸態窒素溶脱量

Nitrogen budgets on a pasture being utilized for both grazing and cutting were investigated in 1999 and 2000. A pasture (0.9 ha) containing tallfescue, orchardgrass and white clover was divided into two (1999) or three (2000) areas : an initially grazed area and areas grazed after cutting for hay or silage. A herd of 4-5 cattle (heifers or steers of Japanese Black or Holstein) grazed at one, two and all of the areas. The amount of herbage N production from the areas where cattle grazed for longer period was higher than the sum of N of grazed herbage and harvested hay from the areas where cattle grazed for shorter period. The amount of N inflow to soil as fertilizer (applied in 1999 only) or animal excreta seemed to relate to the difference in herbage production between the areas. The value of N surplus for the whole pasture was very similar among the areas in each year. But the N surplus in 1999 was higher than that in 2000. It is suggested that the difference was caused by the facts that fertilizer was applied only in 1999 and that silage production in 2000 was higher than that of hay production in 1999. Soil nitrogen contents of some forms were investigated only in 2000. There was little difference in available nitrogen contents in soil among areas. The mineralized soil nitrogen contents in the longer-grazed areas were higher than those in the shorter grazed area. So, longer-grazing may have lead to some increase in nitrogen leaching from soil.

1999年和2000年对用于放牧和割草的牧场的氮预算进行了调查。将含有高羊茅、果园草和白三叶草的牧场（0.9公顷）分为两个（1999年）或三个（2000年）区域：最初放牧的区域和切割干草或青贮饲料后放牧的区域。一群 4-5 头牛（日本黑牛或荷斯坦的小母牛或公牛）在一个、两个和所有区域吃草。牛放牧时间较长的地区牧草氮产量高于放牧时间较短的地区放牧的牧草和收获的干草氮的总和。作为肥料（仅在 1999 年施用）或动物排泄物流入土壤的氮量似乎与各地区牧草产量的差异有关。各地区每年全草场氮素剩余值非常相似。但1999年的氮盈余量高于2000年。推测这种差异是由于1999年才施用化肥以及2000年青贮饲料产量高于1999年干草产量造成的。仅在2000年调查了某些形态的土壤氮含量。各地区土壤速效氮含量差异不大。较长放牧区的土壤矿化氮含量高于较短放牧区。因此，较长时间的放牧可能会导致土壤中氮的淋失有所增加。

项目成果

Y.Kurkawa,S.Yamamoto,Y.Iijima,M.Kitagawa,F.Omata,S.Sakamoto,H.Tanaka,S.Suzuki and T.Shioya: "NITROGEN BUDGETS ON A PASTURE UNDER COMBINED UTILIZATION OF GRAZING AND CUTTING."Proceedings of the XIX International Grassland Congress.. 177-178 (2001)

Y.Kurkawa、S.Yamamoto、Y.Iijima、M.Kitakawa、F.Omata、S.Sakamoto、H.Tanaka、S.Suzuki 和 T.Shioya：“放牧和采伐相结合的牧场氮预算。

Y.Kurokawa, S.Yamamoto, Y.Iijima, M.Kitagawa, F.Omata, S.Sakamoto, H.Tanaka, S.Suzuki and T.Shioya: "NITROGEN BUDGETS ON A PASTURE UNDER COMBINED UTILIZATION OF GRAZING AND CUTTING"Proceedings of the XIX International Grassland Congress. 177-178 (2001)

Y.Kurokawa、S.Yamamoto、Y.Iijima、M.Kitakawa、F.Omata、S.Sakamoto、H.Tanaka、S.Suzuki 和 T.Shioya：“放牧和采伐结合利用下牧场的氮预算”

Y.Kurokawa,S.Yamamoto,Y.Iijima,M.Kitagawa,F.Omata,S.Sakamoto,H.Tanaka,S.Suzuki and T.Shioya: "NITROGEN BUDGETS ON A PASTURE UNDER COMBINED UTILIZATION OF GRAZING AND CUTTING."Proceedings of the XIX International Grassland Congress.. 177-178 (2001)

Y.Kurokawa、S.Yamamoto、Y.Iijima、M.Kitakawa、F.Omata、S.Sakamoto、H.Tanaka、S.Suzuki 和 T.Shioya：“放牧和采伐相结合的牧场氮预算。