Analysis of denature and environmental effects of floating oil in the sea.

从NAHOTOKA号泄漏的重油影响了日本海的环境。海水漂浮过程中，会发生盐类凝结、挥发性物质向大气蒸发、海水中可溶性物质溶解等热和物质输运现象。此外，溶解的有害物质和挥发性物质会对几种植物产生影响。在这项研究中，检测了NAHOTOKA溢油的成分和盐分含量。溢油含水40%~50%，形成W/O乳状液。水相中的大部分钠迁移到油相中。C级稠油与几种水的混合实验结果表明，原油粘度增大。海水/重油乳状液的水滴小于天然水/重油乳状液。乳状液的形成降低了挥发性物质的挥发速率。提出了海上浮油变性的简化模型。分析结果可以代表挥发性物质苯和萘的行为。接下来，对植物叶片中挥发性物质的吸收进行了检测，估计挥发性物质是通过气孔吸收的。提出了石油对环境影响的简单模型。

Heavy oil spilled from the NAHOTOKA affected to environment in the Sea of Japan. Several heat and material transportation phenomena, such as coagulation with salts, evaporation of volatile substances to atmosphere and dissolution of soluble substances in the sea water, occurred during floating period in the sea. Furthermore, the dissolved hazardous substances and volatile substances effects on several plants. In this study, the composition and salts contents of the spilled oil from the NAHOTOKA was examined. The spilled oil contained 40〜50% of water and formed W/O emulsion. Most of sodium in the water phase transported to the oil phase. As the results of mixing experiment using C grade heavy oil and several water, the viscosity of the oil increased. The water drop in the (sea water)/(heavy oil) emulsion was smaller than those in (natural water)/(heavy oil) emulsion. The evaporation rate of volatile substances decreased by emulsion forming. The simple model of denature of floating oil on the sea was proposed. analytical results could represent the behavior of the volatile substance, Benzene and Naphthalene. Next, the uptake of volatile substances in the plant leaf was examined, It was estimated that the volatile substances was uptake through the stoma. The simple model of the environmental effects of the oil was proposed.