Clarification of preparation processes for earthquake (high-speed deformation) based on rock deformation studies

这项研究由Monbukagakushou研究基金资助，是一项使用住友重工有限公司制造的高压高温变形装置的实验研究。自2000年3月我们在广岛大学引进这台机器以来，我们已经进行了2年的初步实验，获得了以下结果：为了在样品组件（直径为23mm，高度为30mm）中产生均匀的围压，在其顶部放置铅。然而，引线被挤进热电偶穿过的洞里，有时在实验中被切断。因此，我们用叶蜡石代替了一部分铅来解决问题。我们成功地选择了一个石墨环的有效厚度，使样品可以在1000℃以上加热。我们首先尝试使用银（Ag）众所周知的熔化P-T关系来测量样品组件中的围压。但由于氯化钠作为围压介质，在小于1 GPa的较低围压条件下，熔体温度低于银，难以控制将温度提高到银的熔点。因此，采用氯化钠熔融P-T曲线测量围压。碳化钨围压活塞的断裂问题是今后实验中有待解决的问题。

This research aided by the Monbukagakushou research grant is an experimental research using a high-pressure and high-temperature deformation apparatus built by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Since we introduced this machine at Hiroshima University in March, 2000, we have been working on preliminary experiments for 2 years, and obtained the following results.1. In order to generate homogeneous confining pressure in the sample assembly (diameter of 23 mm and height of 30 mm), lead is placed on the top of it. However, the lead is squeezed into the hole, where a thermocouple goes through, and sometimes cut it during the experiments. Therefore, we replaced a part of the lead by pyrophyllite to solve the problem.2. We have succeeded to choose an effective thickness of a graphite ring, by which the sample can be heated above 1000 ℃.3. We first tried to measure confining pressure in the sample assembly with silver (Ag) using its well-known melting P-T relation. However, since sodium chloride, which is used for confining pressure medium, melts at lower temperatures than silver under relatively low confining pressure conditions less than 1 GPa, it is hard to control to increase the temperature to the melting point of silver. Therefore, confining pressure has been measured using the melting P-T curve of sodium chloride.4. A problem of breaking of tungsten carbide confining pressure pistons remains to be solved in the future experiments.