Study on Characteristics of Flow and Primary Production of Riffles and Gravel Rivers

浅滩河和砾石河流量及初级生产特征研究

• 批准号: 11305035
• 负责人: IKEDA Syunsuke
• 金额: $ 23.37万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11305035/
• 关键词: Riffles and Pools; Primary Production; Periphyton; Gravel Rivers; Hydraulic Characteristics; Nutrients; 一次生産; 水理特性; 藻類増殖モデル

Field observations on the characteristics of primary production of periphyton were performed at riffles and pools in Tama-river. The imitated gravels made of concrete were settled in the riffles and the pools. Three imitated gravels were picked out at each location every week for 55 days, and the periphyton attached to them was removed by toothbrush. The amount of chlorophyll-a of the algae was measured by using spectrophotometer. It was found that the periphyton growing on the gravels at riffles has larger photosynthetic activity than that at pools.The laboratory measurements on the growth of periphyton were conducted in 4 tandemly placed laboratory flumes, in which the environmental conditions except for the hydraulic conditions were controlled to be the same among the flumes in order to identify the effects of hydraulic characteristics on the primary production of periphyton. The results of the experiments indicate that the primary production of periphyton takes large value for the case where the near-bottom turbulence is large.A numerical simulation model was presented to describe the temporal growth of periphyton. The effect of the hydraulic conditions on the growth of periphyton is taken into account in the model via the diffusivity of nutrients and other substrates inside of the biofilm. The computation predicts the temporal variation of the biomass of periphyton in the experiments well.

在多摩河浅滩和池塘对附着生物的初级生产力特征进行了野外观察。用混凝土制成的仿砾石被安置在浅滩和水池中。每周在每个地点挑出3个仿砾石，连续55天，用牙刷去除附着在其上的附着生物。用分光光度计测定藻的叶绿素a含量。在4个串联设置的实验水槽中，除水力条件外，其它环境条件均相同，以研究水力特性对附着生物初级生产力的影响。实验结果表明，在近底湍流较大的情况下，附着生物的初级生产力较大，建立了附着生物生长的数值模拟模型。模型中通过生物膜内营养物质和其他基质的扩散系数考虑了水力条件对附着生物生长的影响。计算结果较好地预测了实验中附着生物生物量的时间变化。

项目成果

戸田祐嗣: "水理特性が付着藻類の一次生産特性に与える影響に関する研究"土木学会論文集. (登載決定). (2002)

户田裕二：“水力特性对附着藻类初级生产特性的影响的研究”日本土木工程学会论文集（决定出版）（2002年）。

戸田 祐嗣: "水理特性が付着藻類の一次生産特性に与える影響に関する研究"土木学会論文集. (印刷中). (2002)

Yuji Toda：“水力特性对附着藻类初级生产特性的影响的研究”日本土木工程师学会论文集（2002 年出版）。

Yuji Toda, Yoshihisa Akamatsu and Syunsuke Ikeda: "Study on Primary Production of Periphyton in Streams in Relation to Hydraulic Conditions"Journal of Hydraulic, Costal and Environmental Engineering. (Now printing).

Yuji Toda、Yoshihisa Akamatsu 和 Syunsuke Ikeda：“与水力条件相关的溪流中附生生物初级生产的研究”水利、海岸和环境工程学报。

Yoshihisa Akamatsu: "Field observations on tidal transport of organic materials and nutrients in a Mangrove area"Proc. 2nd IAHR Symp. on River, coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamles. 2. 413-422 (2001)

Yoshihisa Akamatsu：“红树林地区有机物质和养分潮汐输送的现场观察”Proc。

Syunsuke Ikeda: "Numerical Study on Turbulent Flow and Honami in and above Flexible Plant Canopy"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. 22・3. 252-258 (2001)

池田俊介：“柔性植物冠层及其上方的湍流和保值的数值研究”《国际热与流体流杂志》22・3（2001）。