Study on two-dimensional atomic-lattice in an optical potentail procduced by evanescent waves

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Optical near-field laser spectroscopy has a potential to bring novel techniques of controlling and manipulating atomic motion and states especially in two-dimension, which can not be achieved by propagating laser lignt in free space. This is due to the nature of optical near-fields representing coupled modes of optical fields with matter. In this research we propose a possibility to produce a two-dimensional lattice of laser-cooled atoms in an optical potential produced by evanescent waves near a dielectlic surface, which provides a useful technique to investigate novel quantum mechanical feature of atom-field interaction related to a generalized cavity quantum electrodynamics study. To this aim we have developed several basic techniques of near-field laser spectroscopy and quantum optical theory of photon-atom interaction in optical near-field. In this research, we have proposed a possibility of utilizing a locally rotating electric field produced by a cross-propagating pair of evanes … More -cent waves to a control of atomic spin states via optical pumping. The existence of the locally rotating optical near-field has been experimentally demonstrated for the.first time by using a set of near-field light scatttering experimets using small dielectric probes and an ultra-high sensitivity polarization analysing systme developed hi this research. As the basic tool of observing the spin-state of cold atoms in a subwavelength vicinity of dielectric surface we have developed a spin-selective resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy using evanescent waves with sensitivity oflO ion-counts level. We have extended this scheme into an ionization-microscope and demonstrated its potential to a simul-taneous operation for microscopy and spectroscopy. As a theoretical background we have developed a novel framework of second-quantization of evanescent electromagnetic fieldS based on the detector modes introduced in this research. As an application we have evaluated the radiation properties of excited atomic multipoles of arbitrary order near a dielectric surface as a generalized cavity quantum electrodynamics study. Less