Study on influence of natural and social environment on sediment yield in the mountainous area

山区自然社会环境对产沙量的影响研究

• 批准号: 11660152
• 负责人: HIRAMATSU Shinya
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Kochi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11660152/
• 关键词: hijjside landslides; forest practice; variation of land use; reservoir sedimentation; 地下水上昇; 水分変動

Recently, in Japan forestry is decline because its profit falls down drastically for reasons that price of timbers get cheap in spite of increase of forest management cost, forestry workers decrease and get aged. Therefore, forests become to be left frequently after deforestation, resulting in serious devastation of hill slopes and torrents. In this study, sedimentation of Miyakawa-dam where located in Mie prefecture, and changes of deforestation and forestation with time was grasped to clean influence of forest practice on sediment yield. Using these results, sediment yield predicting model considering annual precipitation and forest practice conditions was constructed. And this sedimentation model was applied to Miyakawa-dam basin. As the result of this simulation, comparison of the observed and calculated sedimentation showed that this simulation model was adequate for the predicting the sediment yield in Miyakawa-dam basin.Furthermore, in order to understand effects of forest roots (living - root and decayed - root), which are a portion in primary factor to make soil layer structure heterogeneous, on hydrologic processes, that is, water movement in soil layer, field sprinkling experiments were carried out on a hillslope in the Kamiyadono basin where located in upper stream of Shigenobu-Liver. The following matters were confirmed by these field experiments. Rainwater concentrates on the surroundings of forest roots. And, its tendency is enlarged in proportion to an increase of rainfall intensity. Equivalent hydraulic conductivity at surrounding of forest roots is 1.1〜3.2 timeses as large as one of the part of soil matrix.

近年来，在日本，由于木材价格在森林经营成本增加的情况下变得便宜，林业工人减少和老龄化，林业的利润急剧下降，林业正在走下坡路。因此，森林在被砍伐后经常被留下，造成山坡和河流的严重破坏。本研究以三重县宫川坝的沉积、毁林造林随时间的变化为研究对象，明确了森林实践对产沙量的影响。在此基础上，建立了考虑年降水量和森林实践条件的产沙量预测模型。并将该沉积模型应用于宫川坝流域。模拟结果表明，该模型能较好地预测宫川坝流域的产沙量。此外，为了了解森林根系（活根和腐根）是造成土层结构不均匀的主要因素之一，对水文过程（即土层水分运动）的影响，在神雅野盆地的一个山坡上进行了现场洒水试验，该斜坡位于重野湖上游。这些野外试验证实了以下几点：雨水集中在森林树根周围。其趋势随降雨强度的增大而成比例增大。森林根系周围的等效水导率是土壤基质部分等效水导率的1.1 ~ 3.2倍。

项目成果

辻村真貴, 恩田裕一, 小松陽介, 清水卓弘, 松村和也, 服部重昭, 中川有里, 松井孝子: "礫層および風化花崗岩からなる丘陵地源流域における流出・水質特性"水文・水資源学会誌. 14卷3号. 229-238 (2001)

Maki Tsujimura、Yuichi Onda、Yosuke Komatsu、Takuhiro Shimizu、Kazuya Matsumura、Shigeaki Hattori、Yuri Nakakawa、Takako Matsui：“由砾石层和风化花岗岩组成的丘陵源流域的径流和水质特征” 日本水文学会杂志和水资源。第 14 卷，第 3 期。229-238 (2001)

熊沢至朗, 平松晋也: "斜面土層内の大径礫(転石)が雨水の挙動や斜面の安定性に及ぼす影響に関する実験的研究"砂防学会誌. 54卷3号. 4-13 (2001)

Shiro Kumazawa、Shinya Hiramatsu：“边坡土层中大直径碎石（滚石）对雨水行为和边坡稳定性影响的实验研究”日本侵蚀控制学会杂志第 54 卷 3. 4-。 13 (2001)

Fnkuyama, T., Onda, Y., Takenaka, C., Yamamoto, T.: "Estimation of soil erosion using a Radionuclide in reservoir sediment and forest soil"Journal of the Japan society of Erosion Control Engineering. 54(1). 4-11 (2001)

Fnkuyama, T.、Onda, Y.、Takenaka, C.、Yamamoto, T.：“利用水库沉积物和森林土壤中的放射性核素估算土壤侵蚀”日本侵蚀控制工程学会杂志。

牛山素行: "1901年以降の降水量記録から見た1999年6月29日広島豪雨の特徴"自然災害科学. 20卷1号. 59-74 (2001)

Motoyuki Ushiyama：“从1901年以来的降水记录中看到的1999年6月29日广岛暴雨的特征”《自然灾害科学》第20卷，第1. 59-74页（2001年）。

Yoshirou Kumazawa, Shinya Hiramatsu: "Experimental study on influence of a cobble in soil layer on hydrologic processes and slope stability"Journal of the Japan society of Erosion Control Engineering. 54(3). 4-13 (2001)

Yoshirou Kumazawa、Shinya Hiramatsu：“土层中卵石对水文过程和边坡稳定性影响的实验研究”日本侵蚀控制工程学会杂志。