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Tephrochronological study of volcanic eruptions recorded in historical documents.

对历史文献中记录的火山喷发进行年代学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
11680098
负责人：
SUGIHARA Shigeo
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
MEIJI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this study, we researched volcanic activities during thousands years BP by means of geomorphoiogy and tephrochronology. Confirmation of eruption, eruption point and scale and effect on environments were investigated by field survey and interpretation of historical documents. Our researching fields were izu volcanic islands in Shizuoka Prefecture and north Kanto districts of east Japan. There distributes many active volcanoes that erupted in historical age.In Mikura-jima island lie in Izu volcanic islands, the latest eruption of Oyama volcano occurred 5,200BP. Just above the deposits of last eruption, deposited peaty clay layer. Carbon 14age of the peaty clay is 3,640 yrs BP. At a depth 16-17cm from the surface, lies Iz-Kt tephra fall. This tephra fell when Tenjozan volcano erupted in 838AD at izu Kozushima-island. Pollen analysis of the peaty clay suggest that formation of Suzuhara moor in Mikurajima island might have been caused by the latest eruption of Oyama volcano.In northern Kanto district, Yoshinuma moor sited on Takahara volcano was surveyed. Hr-FP tephra fall from Haruna-Futatsu-Dake volcano, which erupted in middle 6th century deposited in the moor. From our investigation, Hr-FP tephra lie at a 1-3m depth from the surface of peat in Senjo-gahara moor in Nikko mountains, Karekinuma moor in Takahara volcano, Tashiroyama moor, Kinunuma moor. Tephra fall damages regional forests and varies the forest composition. The results of the pollen analysis by Yoshinuma indicate that the accumuiation rate differs in moor of Kanto district. The highest accumulation rate of peat seems to be 2 or 3 times larger among them.Hr-FP tephra eruption affects the environments, especially to forests. Effects of voicanic eruptions are different according to forest types whether the forest is composed of conifers or broadleaved, deciduous or evergreen.

本研究采用地貌学和年代学的方法研究了距今几千年前的火山活动。通过实地调查和历史文献的解读，对喷发、喷发点、规模和对环境的影响进行了确认。我们的研究领域是静冈县的伊豆火山岛和日本东部的关东北部地区。分布着许多历史上曾喷发过的活火山，位于伊豆火山岛的三库拉-吉马岛最近一次喷发发生在公元前5200BP。就在最后一次喷发的沉积物上方，沉积了泥炭粘土层。泥炭粘土的碳14年龄为3640年BP。在距地表16-17厘米的深度处，有Iz-Kt Tephra瀑布。这片火山于公元838年在伊豆小岛岛特科赞火山喷发时坠落。对泥炭粘土的花粉分析表明，宫岛岛铃原沼泽的形成可能是小山火山最近一次喷发造成的。在关东北部地区，位于高原火山上的吉原沼泽进行了调查。HR-FP Tephra来自6世纪中叶沉积在荒原上的Haruna-Futatsu-Dake火山。根据我们的调查，HR-FP tephra位于日光山脉Senjo-Gahara沼泽、高原火山Karekinuma沼泽、Tashiroyama沼泽、Kinunuma沼泽泥炭表面1-3米深的地方。非洲菊的崩塌破坏了区域森林，并改变了森林构成。Yoshinuma的花粉分析结果表明，关东地区沼泽地区的花粉积累速度不同。其中泥炭的最高累积速率似乎是它们的2-3倍。Hr-FP火山喷发影响环境，特别是对森林。声音喷发的影响根据森林类型的不同而不同，无论森林是由针叶林还是阔叶林、落叶林还是常绿林组成的。