Synthesis, Characterization and Functional Applications of Organic and Inorganic Hybrid Photonic Crystals

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Based on a synthetic opal consisting of periodically aligned nano-scale SiO_2 spheres, fabrication method, optical properties and functional application of organic and inorganic hybrid photonic crystal have been investigated.Conducting polymers have been infiltrated into periodically aligned nano-scale voids in synthetic opal and, subsequently, conducting polymer inverse opal has been fabricated by removing SiO_2 spheres from the polymer-infiltrated opal. The stop band in the transmission and reflection spectra of these opal and inverse opal can be controlled by means of temperature change and electrochemical doping. The infiltration of liquid crystl into opal and polymer inverse opal shifts a stop band location, which is also controlled by temperature and electric filed. Especially, a clear discontinuous threshold and memory effect of the stop band shift can be observed in the polymer inverse opal infiltrated with nematic liquid crystal. The stop band location of polymer inverse opal can be shifted by the infiltration of organic solvent, and the shift is much larger than that theoretically predicted as the refractive index change, which comes from a periodicity change due to a gelation of the polymer matrix. A laser action by an optical pumping has been observed in a dye-doped ferroelectric liquid crystal with a short helical pitch, which originates from the photonic effect in a periodic helical structure. The polarization characteristics of laser emission depends on the helical sense of the host liquid crystal, which clearly indicates that the helical structure plays an important role in the laser action.