Dinosaur migration and their habitat environments in Japanese Cretaceous and its adjacent area

东亚恐龙高速公路有两种可能的模式，即恐龙迁徙和/或定居；(1)河岸模式：恐龙在亚洲大陆沿河迁徙和/或定居；(2)格努模式：恐龙在朝鲜半岛南部和中国东部之间季节性迁徙。这类似于现代GNU的迁移。该项目的目的是验证这些模型，并研究恐龙高速公路上恐龙栖息地的环境。我们得到了以下结果：(1)Tetori群的兽脚类和鸟足类足迹在远东的中国延吉群中较为常见。这意味着恐龙沿着两个地区之间的河谷行走。Tetori群环境为浅海、分流湾和辫状曲流河环境。根据沉积相随时间的变化，Tetori群可分为海侵和海退两个阶段。(2)在辽宁中国土车子组(侏罗系-白垩系界线)发现了水鸟的踪迹，这可能是中国发现水鸟的最古老的证据。这些足迹表明，在白垩纪之初，辽宁地区就存在类似滨鸟的物种。(3)新墨西哥州的莫斯奎尔克里克恐龙足迹网站提供了恐龙社会行为的最佳范例之一。该遗址位于北美白垩纪恐龙高速公路的南部。我们对轨道方向和速度估计的统计分析表明，48条向北的轨道可以根据不同的方向划分为不同的子组，但速度变化并不显著。我们还推断，幼虫和亚成虫向北飞，亚成虫和成虫向南飞。牛群结构的概念被检验和定义为，在一个较大的群体或牛群中，轨道分组的任何有序排列。

There are possible two models of the "Dinosaur freeway" in East Asia, suggested dinosaur migration and/or settlement ; (1) River side model : dinosaurs migrated and/or settled along the river in Asian continent, and (2) Gnu model : dinosaurs seasonally migrated between southern Korean Peninsula and east China. This was similar to modern gnu migration. The purpose of the project is to verify these models and to study an environment of the dinosaur habitat on the dinosaur freeway.We had the following results : (1) Theropod and ornithopod tracks from the Tetori Group are common in that from the Yanji Group, Far east China. This means dinosaurs walked along the fluvial valley between two areas. The environment of the Tetori Group shows sallow marine, reflect distributary bay and braided and meandering river environments. Based on facies change through time, the Tetori Group had transgression and regression phases. (2) We found out tracks of waterbirds from the Tu Cheg Zi Formation (Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary), Liaoning Province, China, that may be the oldest evidence of birds from China. The tracks suggest The presence of shorebird-like species in Liaoning region at the very beginning of the Cretaceous. (3) The Mosquero Creek dinosaur track site in New Mexico provides one of the best examples of social behavior among dinosaurs. The site is located on the southern part of the Cretaceous dinosaur freeway in North America. Our statistical analysis of trackway directions and speed estimates suggests that the 48 northerly oriented trackways can be resolved into subgroups based out differential orientations, but that speed variations are not significant. We also infer a preponderance of juveniles and subadults heading north and subadults and adults heading south. The concept of herd structure is examined and defined, ichnologically, as any orderly arrangement of trackway groupings within a larger group or herd.