Leaf turn-over rate of forest trees in tropical mountain forests

对林木叶片物候事件的四个问题进行了研究。热带山地森林的羽化方式、出叶时间、叶片寿命和叶习性(落叶和常绿)。马来西亚婆罗洲岛的基纳巴卢。至少从1994年到1999年，所研究的所有枝条都表现出常绿习性。叶序与叶位的关系表现为两种类型的出叶模式。一年的实际观测还表明，热带山地森林的每一种森林类型都存在两种类型的出叶模式。对出叶时间也作了初步探讨。由于温度全年恒定，降雨和养分冲刷被认为是新叶出现的重要线索和关键资源。通过人工供应氮素和磷的试验，验证了营养供应对新叶萌发的影响。结果表明，养分供应对新叶萌发具有重要意义，至少在部分森林中是如此。叶片寿命从一年以下到五年以上不等。在所研究的任何一个林区，叶片的寿命都有变化。此外，还研究了树种的开花物候和结果物候与鸟类传播果实的关系。

Four issues of problems were investigated concerning leaf phenological events of forest trees namely. Emergence pattern, timing of leaf emergence, leaf longevity and leaf habit (deciduousness and evergreenness) in tropical mountain forests on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo island Malaysia. All shoots studied in the present study showed evergreen habit at least from 1994 to 1999. Leaf order against leaf position showed two types of leaf-emergence patterns. Actual observation throughout one year also reveals that there are two types of leaf emergence patterns in each of forest types on the tropical montane forests. Timing of leaf emergence was also investigated. Since temperature is constant throughout a year, rainfall and nutrient flush were considered to be important as a cue and critical resource for the new leaf emergence. The effect of nutrient supply on the initiation of new leaf emergence was tested by an experiment where nutrogen and phosphorus were artificially supplied. Results suggested the significance of nutrient supply on new leaf emergence at least in some forests. Leaf longevity ranged from shorter than one year to longer than 5 years. In any of the forest zones studied, there were variations in leaf longevities. Flowering phenology and fruiting phenology of tree species were also investigated in relation to fruit dispersal by birds.