Social Change and Personal History in Northern Cameroonian Fulbe society

本项目旨在研究社会变化如何影响生活在北喀麦隆富尔德语社会中的个人。有这样的社会变化，如通过圣战的伊斯兰化和19世纪的富尔贝霸权，20世纪初德国人的殖民统治，第一次世界大战之后法国人的殖民统治，1960年的独立，阿马杜·阿希乔时代，保罗·比亚时代等等。非洲金融共同体法郎的贬值、艾滋病病毒的出现、2001年9月11日的恐怖袭击等影响带来了变化。统治者的更替引起了社会阶层的变化。富尔比的地位很高，在19世纪享有财富的垄断。自由人支配奴隶。妇女的地位很弱。即使欧洲人的殖民消灭了富尔贝人，欧洲殖民者也利用了富尔贝人，并允许他们统治其他民族。喀麦隆北部大约有50多个民族。富尔比人和说富尔福尔语的北方人的统治一直持续到阿马杜·阿希乔时代结束。富尔贝族的优势在喀麦隆北部和整个喀麦隆逐渐被削弱。造成这种变化的因素有很多。其中之一是引入现代教育，在以前的非富尔比人口中培养了讲法语的新精英。富尔比家族权力的逐渐削弱使他们变得穷困无助。货币贬值加剧了贫困。艾滋病病毒的消息改变了年轻人对婚姻的态度，即年轻婚姻减少，从一夫多妻制转向一夫一妻制。到目前为止，2001年北美发生的恐怖袭击，由于缺乏信息，并没有引起明显的社会变化。男性受访者对社会变迁与个人事件的关系意识较女性受访者强。整体而言，即使是生活在喀麦隆内陆的富尔德人，也没有受到所谓全球化的影响。少

The present project aims at the studying how the social change influences the individuals living in the Fulfulde-speaking Northern Cameroonian societies. There were such social changes as Islamization through jihad and the Ful'be hegemony in the nineteenth century, colonization by the Germans at the beginning of the twentieth century, and by the French after the World far I, the Independence in 1960, the Amadou Ahidjo era, the Paul Biya era, etc. Therewere such impacts which brought about changes as the devaluationof CFA francs, the appearance of HIV viruses, the terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001, etc. The change of rulers caused the change of social stratification. The place of the Fulbewas high, and enjoyed the monopoly of wealth in the 19th century. The free men dominated the slaves. Women's position was weak. Even if the colonization by theEuropeans himliated the Fulbe, the European colonizers utilized the Fulbe, and allowed them to dominate the other poeples. There are abo … More ut fifty ethnic groups in Northern Cameroon. The dominance of the Fulbe and the Fulfulde-speaking northerners continued till the end of the Amadou Ahidjo era. The Fulbe superiority has been gradually being reduced the end in Northern Cameroon, and in the whole Cameroon. There are many factors that caused this change. One of them is the introduction of modern education that produced French-speaking new elites among the former non-Fulbe population. The gradual diminution of power of the Fulbe made them poor and helpless. The devaluation added the poverty. The news of the HIV viruses changed the young people's attitude towards marriage, namely, less young age marriages, and a shift from polygamy to monogamy. So far terrorist attacks in North America in 2001 do not causevisible social change due to the lack of information. Themale interviewees were more conscious about the relationship between the social change and personal events than the female interviewees. As a whole, even the Fulfulde-speaking people who live in the interior Cameroon are not left intact by so-called globalization. Less