A Study on the Political Structure in Sung China, Employing Official Records of Administrative Affairs and Private Diavies

运用官方行政事务记录和私人日记研究宋代政治结构

• 批准号: 12610373
• 负责人: HIRATA Shigeki
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: Osaka City University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12610373/
• 关键词: Private Diaries; Official Records of Administrative Affairs; Emperor; Grand councillors and Executive Officials; Attendants; Censors and Remonstrators; 対; 御筆; 王安石; 周必大; 宰相; 政治日記; 官僚; 王安石日録

Progress in analyzing the political structure of the Sung Dynasty over the past three years has been driven by the political diaries of the period. The following are the results of this analysis. (1) The official histories of Sung consist of a daily calendar that was compiled based on court diaries and records of administrative affairs, while veritable records were compiled based on the daily calendar, thus forming the compilation process upon which the national histories drew. Among these are the records of administrative affairs, where political conversations the grand councilors and executive officials had with the emperor, command the most important position. (2) Personal accounts were added along with the records of administrative affairs by grand councilors and executive officials. These accounts were created mainly to record the political discussions the emperor had, of which many were submitted to the government in order to create the official history. (3) The records of not on … More ly the records of administrative affairs and diaries but me emperor's conversations as well were treated with importance, and these historical records were brought together by the government. The result was that a far-reaching system of 'Equality' developed during the Sung Dynasty in which government officials met with the emperor and related their opinions directly to him. (4) When the 'Diaries of Wang An Shin' of Northern Sung are compared with the 'Chronicles of Silu ***' written by 'Zhoubita ***' from Southern Sung, we discover that both of them had the same characteristics in their diaries, which are mainly records of conversations between the grand councilors & executive officials that were held with the emperor. Despite limitations inherent in diaries based on the viewpoint of grand councilors and executive officials, they provide a vivid depiction of the decision-making process in the Sung Dynasty at various bureaucratic levels from the emperor, grand councilors and executive officials, attendants, censors & remonstrators as well as eunuchs. (5) Nevertheless, Zhoubita wrote the 'Chronicles of Feng Zhao ***' at the same time. The 'Chronicles of Feng Zhao' is a digest of replies to 'Imperial Correspondences' sent directly from the emperor to government officials in a diary-style format. When the development of these 'Imperial Correspondences' is considered in terms of actual events that occurred at the end of Northern Sung, the preserving of these records along with the conversations held with the emperor demonstrates the importance placed on them. Changes in the descriptive style of the diaries are skillfully brought into agreement as-is with the adjustments in the political structure at the time. Less

过去三年宋朝政治结构分析的进展是由该时期的政治日记推动的。以下是该分析的结果。 （一）宋正史以日历为基础，以朝野日记、行政事务记录为基础编撰，而正史则以日历为基础编撰，从而形成了国史借鉴的编纂过程。其中，政务记录占据着最重要的地位，其中宰相、行政官员与皇帝的政治谈话占据了最重要的地位。 (2) 补充了大臣、行政官员的个人账目和行政事务记录。这些记述主要是为了记录皇帝的政治讨论，其中许多被提交给政府以形成正史。 (3)不仅重视行政事务的记录和日记，而且重视皇帝的谈话记录，这些历史记录由政府汇集在一起​​。其结果是，宋朝发展了一种影响深远的“平等”制度，政府官员会见皇帝，并直接向他表达自己的意见。 （4）北宋《王安信日记》与南宋“周必塔***”所著的《思录***记》相比，我们发现两者的日记有相同的特点，主要是大臣、行政官员与皇帝的谈话记录。尽管基于议事、大臣观点的日记有其固有的局限性，但它们生动地描述了宋代从皇帝、议事、大臣、侍从、御史、谏官到宦官等各级官僚的决策过程。 (5) 尽管如此，周必塔同时撰写了《凤昭***年谱》。 《凤昭年谱》是皇帝以日记形式直接发给政府官员的《钦差书信》的答复摘要。当根据北宋末期发生的实际事件来考虑这些“皇书”的发展时，这些记录以及与皇帝的谈话的保存表明了它们的重要性。日记描述风格的变化巧妙地与当时政治结构的调整保持一致。较少的

项目成果

平田茂樹: "『王安石目録』研究-『四明尊堯集』を手掛かりとして-"大阪市立大学東洋史論叢. 12. 13-28 (2002)

平田茂树：“《王安石目录》研究——以《石梅宗要术》为线索——”大阪市立大学东方史丛书，12. 13-28（2002）。

平田茂樹: "政治の舞台裏を読む-宋代政治史研究序説"知識人の諸相-中国宋代を基点として(勉誠出版). 31-49 (2001)

平田茂树：《解读政治幕后——宋代政治史研究导论》知识分子的面貌——以中国宋代为背景（辨精出版社）31-49（2001）。

S. Hirata: "Methods of Analying Song Political Records, Employing Official Records of Administrative Affairs and Private Diaries"The Journal of Oriental Researches. 59-4. 137-171 (2001)

S. Hirata：“分析宋代政治记录、使用行政事务官方记录和私人日记的方法”《东方研究杂志》。

平田茂樹: "宗代政治史料解析法-「時政記」と「日記」を手掛かりとして-"東洋史研究. 59・4. 137-171 (2001)

平田茂树：“宗氏时代政治史料的分析方法——以《实事记》和《日记》为线索——”《东方史研究》59, 4. 137-171 (2001)。

平田茂樹: "日本の宋代史研究の新しい視点"人文研究. 52・2. 71-90 (2000)

平田茂树：“日本宋史研究的新视角”，人文研究52・2（2000）。