The Cultural Conditions and Social Functions of ADR in the Rule-Oriented Society

规则社会中ADR的文化条件和社会功能

• 批准号: 12620002
• 负责人: OTA Shozo
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12620002/
• 关键词: ADR; Costs of Dispute Resolution; Knowledge ＆ Consciousness of Law; Social Order ＆ Norm; Spontaneous Order; ESS ＆ Stochastical Stability; Consumer Contract; Equal Division; 法文化; 社会秩序の法化; 支払意思額; 紛争解決行動調査; 進化論的文化論; 協力の進化; 秩序の創発; 裁判イメージ

Theoretical Achievements : The conditions for the emergence of social order, the properties of the emerged social order, and the dynamic of the emergence are analyzed with the help of evolutionary game theory. The social order is defined as an evolutionarily stable state and/or a stochastically stable state as well as a Nash equilibrium. The agents are assumed to make imperfectly rational decision (i.e., bounded rationality) under uncertainty (i.e., imperfect information).In concrete, one of the situations analyzed is what is called Ultimatum Game. I analyzed how a rule of cooperative equal division emerges in a dispute-like social interaction. Another situation analyzed is the consumer contract ; how cooperative trusting social order emerges in a state of nature (i.e., dog eats dog). I also analyzed the conditions for dispute settlement through lawyer negotiation (i.e., conditions for cooperative strategy selection).empirical Achievements : I conducted a questionnaire survey to 400 randomly sampled citizens in Kanto area. The questions are about people's knowledge, attitude, and evaluations on ADR and court procedures. The methodology is what is called vignette study with ANOVA. The vignettes include a product liability case, a traffic accident case, and a dishonest taxi driver case.I also included questions about WTP (willingness to pay) and WTA (willingness to accept) in terms of money and time for dispute resolution. This is to reveal whether courts are really costly and whether ADRs are really cheap.By this survey, I find how people make decision on using ADR and courts when faced with a dispute. Thus the ways to enhance people's access to justice are suggested.With the theoretical and empirical achievements stated above, I shed lights on the social functions of ADR and socio-economic conditions for dispute resolution mechanisms to function in the rule-oriented society.

理论成果：借助演化博弈论分析了社会秩序产生的条件、产生的社会秩序的属性以及产生的动力。社会秩序被定义为进化稳定状态和/或随机稳定状态以及纳什均衡。假设代理人在不确定性（即不完全信息）下做出不完全理性决策（即有限理性）。具体来说，分析的情况之一就是所谓的最后通牒博弈。我分析了在类似争议的社会互动中如何出现合作平等分工的规则。分析的另一种情况是消费者合同；在自然状态下（即狗吃狗）如何出现合作信任的社会秩序。我还分析了通过律师谈判解决纠纷的条件（即合作策略选择的条件）。 实证成果：我对关东地区随机抽样的400名公民进行了问卷调查。这些问题涉及人们对 ADR 和法庭程序的认识、态度和评价。该方法称为方差分析的小插图研究。这些小插曲包括一起产品责任案、一起交通事故案和一起不诚实的出租车司机案。我还包括了关于争议解决的金钱和时间方面的WTP（支付意愿）和WTA（接受意愿）的问题。这是为了揭示法院是否真的很昂贵以及ADR是否真的很便宜。通过这项调查，我发现人们在面对争议时如何做出使用ADR和法院的决定。从而提出了增强人们诉诸司法的途径。通过上述理论和实证成果，我阐明了ADR的社会功能以及纠纷解决机制在规则社会中发挥作用的社会经济条件。

项目成果

太田勝造: "社会科学の理論とモデル7 法律"東京大学出版会. 251 (2000)

太田胜三：《社会科学7法的理论与模型》东京大学出版社251（2000）。

OTA, Shozo: "Evolution of Distributive Justice : Why people Prefer Equality? Ishikawa, New Development in Civil Procedure"Shojihomu (forthcoming). (2002)

OTA，Shozo：“分配正义的演变：为什么人们更喜欢平等？石川，民事诉讼的新发展”Shojihomu（即将出版）。

太田勝造: "消費者契約とゲーム論 : 消費者取引秩序は自生的に創発しうるか?"ジュリスト. 1200号. 159-164 (2001)

Katsuzo Ota：“消费者契约与博弈论：消费者交易秩序能否自发出现？”法学家，第1200期。159-164。

太田勝造: "紛争解決の価値と司法制度の価値:WTP概念とCVMの応用のための研究ノート"新堂幸司先生古希祝賀:民事訴訟法理論の新たな構築. 上巻. 67-96 (2001)

太田胜三：“争议解决的价值与司法制度的价值：WTP概念和CVM应用的研究笔记”新藤浩二的Koki庆祝：民事诉讼法理论的新建构第1卷。67-96（2001）。

OTA, Shozo: "Law (Vol.7 of Series : Theories and Models in Social Science)"University of Tokyo Press. 251 (2000)

OTA Shozo：“法（系列第7卷：社会科学的理论和模型）”东京大学出版社。