The Survey on the Working Condition of Rural Areas after the Bubble Economy

我们对伊纳地区两个村的农业实际情况进行了调查。这是继1977年和1989年对同一地区进行调查后的第三次调查。这项调查的主题是了解农民的经营管理和家庭状况，包括他们是全职农民还是兼职农民，他们的社会保障情况是什么。我们对比分析了三个时间点的调查，能够弄清随着时间的变化。农业长期下降的基本趋势似乎没有太大变化。然而，我们发现农民家庭出现了一些细微的变化。这种新的变化是由于经济不景气和严重的失业造成的。在农村劳动力市场，似乎已经开始了一种“解散”，尽管农村劳动力市场曾经是一个封闭的市场。农村劳动力市场的“内封闭完工墙”正在松动。通过对农户家庭、农户劳动力和农户经营状况的考察，追溯了农户家庭、农户劳动力和农户经营状况的变化，确定了农户家庭、农户劳动力流动的内涵和程度。劳动力市场上存在两种劳动力流动方式：从农业部门向非农部门流动和从非农部门向农业部门流动。前者在很长一段时间内一直源源不断，但最近后者略有起飞。可以说，从其他城市回流到农业区是比较多的。并分析了新的农业回流对农村经济社会的促进作用，对缓解严重的就业问题是否起到了有效的作用。此外，我们还验证了农业区是否对失业起到了减震器的作用。除此之外，我们还研究了两类农业新来者。一个是来自其他城市的前工人。另一类是居住在该小区、往返于工作场所的工人。我们还检查了有效性和

We investigated the actual conditions of the agriculture of two villages in Ina district. This was the third survey after researching the same area in 1977 and 1989. The subject of this survey was to find out what conditions farming management and farmers' families were, including whether or not they are full-time or side-job farmers and what conditions their social security was. We compared and analyzed surveys at three points in time and were able to clarify the changes over time.The basic trend, long-term decline in agriculture, seems to have had no big change. However, we found some minor and subtle changes in farmers' families. This new change is due to the economic slump and serious unemployment.It seems that in the rural labor market, a sort of " dissolution" has begun , though the rural labor market used to be a closed one. "Inner closed completion wall" in the rural labor market is coming loose. By researching the details of farmers' families ,their labor and the farming management, we traced the change and confirmed its meaning and degree of the change.There are two flows of work force in the labor market :from agricultural sector to non-agricultural sector and from non- agricultural sector to agricultural sector. The former has had a steady flow for a long time, but recently the latter has slightly taken off. We could say that there has relatively been a flow back to agricultural districts from other cities. We also analyzed whether the new flow back to agricultural district had a effective role boosting the rural economy and society, and easing serious nemployment. Furthermore , we verified whether the agricultural district played the role of "shock absorber" for unemployment. Beyond that, we researched two types of agricultural newcomers. One is ex-workers from other cities. The other is workers who have lived in the district and commute to the work place. We also checked the effectiveness and the