Semiotic Studies on the Aesthetic Order of Townscape as Complex Adaptive System and its Design Process

在微观层面上，城市景观是通过各种设计活动的积累而逐渐变化的，因此，新设计的有效性取决于宏观层面上审美秩序的出现。因此，将城市景观视为“复杂适应系统”的观点对于分析城市景观的审美秩序是非常有益的。在本研究中，获得了以下结果：1。从符号学的角度解释了将城市景观视为复杂适应系统的有效性。通过对历史名城京都城市景观的分析，运用符号学分析、地理信息系统和城市景观模拟技术，从多个角度阐明了微观要素构成的城市景观在宏观层面上产生审美秩序的产生。我们从由Fumihiko Maki设计的Hillside Terrace的城市景观中提取了各种设计原则，该城市在东京的现代城市中已经逐渐发展了35年。我们基于社会资本的概念，考虑了公共性在诱导微观要素相互作用中所起的重要作用。为了从自组织的角度分析城市化进程，我们构建了一个有趣的计算机模拟模型，通过微观元素的相互作用来可视化宏观空间格局的出现。综上所述，将城市景观视为自组织的复杂适应性系统，有助于厘清城市景观审美秩序的设计原则。

The townscape is always changing gradually by accumulation of various design activities on micro level, and therefore the validity of new design depends on the emergence of aesthetic order on macro level. Accordingly, the viewpoint of regarding townscape as "complex adaptive system" is very fruitful to analyze the aesthetic order of townscape. In this research, the following results are obtained.1. We explained the validity of regarding townscape as complex adaptive system from the semiotic viewpoint.2. We clarified that the townscape composed of micro elements generates the emergence of aesthetic order on macro level from various viewpoints through the analysis of townscape of historical city Kyoto, using semiotic analysis, Geographical Information System, and simulation techniques of townscapes.3. We extracted various design principles from the townscape of Hillside Terrace, designed by Fumihiko Maki, which has been grown gradually for 35 years in modern city of Tokyo.4. We considered the publicness that takes on important roles to induce the mutual interaction of micro elements based on the concept of social capital.5. We constructed an interesting computer simulation model to visualize the emergence of macro spatial pattern through the interaction of micro elements, in order to analyze the urbanization process from the viewpoint of self organization.In conclusion, we can contribute to clarify the design principles of aesthetic order of townscape, by regarding townscape as self-organizing and complex adaptive system.