Reduction of total manure excretion from livestock using by fiber degradation enzymes

使用纤维降解酶减少牲畜粪便排泄总量

• 批准号: 12660262
• 负责人: YANO Fumiko
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Kinki University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12660262/
• 关键词: animal manure; fiber degradation enzyme; phytase; rat; poultry; mini-pig; growing pig; セルラーゼ; ヘミセルラーゼ; 糞排泄量軽減; ブタ; 飼料消化率; フィチン酸分解酵素; キシラナーゼ; ペクチナーゼ

In vitro studies were done to evaluate a cellulose digestibility of pure cellulose, purified diet and commercial diet as substrate by using cellulase including other fiber degradation enzymes. Another in vitro studies were done to examine the effect of phytase on the utilization of cellulose and phosphorus.In a way of experiments, cellulose degradability in the digestive tract and an efficiency of cellulose degradation were studied after the collection of digesta from rats given some kinds of enzyme. An efficiency of energy utilization and a reduction of fecal excretion by increasing cellulose digestion were simultaneously studied by measuring dry matter and nutrients digestibilities. The effect of cellulose supplementation to diets on fecal amount, dry matter digestibility and cellulose digestibility was studied in poultries, adult mini-pigs and growing pigs. A combined effect of phytase and cellulose was also studied in poultries and mini-pigs.The in vitro study under HCl-pepsin buffer solution showed that some complex enzymes reduced cellulose degradation and the combined utilization of phytase reduced cellulose degradability efficiency. Some enzymes reduced the amount of excreted feces and improved dry matter digestibihty, however the enzymes seemed to have little effect on the digestibility of crude fiber (lignin, cellulose). The result leads to a speculation that the enzymes improve the digestibility of soluble nitrogen tee extract. Some cellulose supplements reduced phytic acid degradation and made an action to decrease phytase activity which was supplemented simultaneously. It is considered that a combined supplementation of cellulose and phytase is sometimes not effective.

通过使用纤维素酶（包括其他纤维降解酶）进行体外研究以评价作为底物的纯纤维素、纯化膳食和商业膳食的纤维素消化率。另一项体外试验研究了植酸酶对纤维素和磷利用的影响，采用实验的方法研究了纤维素在大鼠消化道中的降解率和纤维素的降解效率。通过测定干物质和营养物质的消化率，同时研究了能量利用效率和通过增加纤维素消化减少粪便排泄。本试验研究了饲粮中添加纤维素对家禽、成年小型猪和生长猪粪便量、干物质消化率和纤维素消化率的影响。本文还研究了植酸酶与纤维素酶联合应用对家禽和小型猪纤维素的降解效果，在盐酸-胃蛋白酶缓冲液中的体外研究表明，某些复合酶降低了纤维素的降解率，植酸酶的联合应用降低了纤维素的降解率。某些酶能减少粪便排出量，提高干物质消化率，但对粗纤维（木质素、纤维素）消化率影响不大。结果导致推测酶改善可溶性氮提取物的消化率。某些纤维素补充剂在降低植酸降解的同时，也起到降低植酸酶活性的作用。认为纤维素和植酸酶的组合补充有时是无效的。

项目成果

青木幸尚: "繊維分解酵素添加飼料によるラットの消化管での繊維分解効果の検討"関西畜産学会報. 149. 12 (2001)

青木幸久：“使用添加有纤维降解酶的饲料对大鼠胃肠道中的纤维分解效果进行检查”关西动物学会通报149. 12 (2001)。

Y. Aoki, N. Kumon and F. Yano: "The effect of fiber degradation enzymes on fiber degradability of digesta in rats."Kansai Journal of Animal Srience. No.149. 12 (2001)

Y. Aoki、N. Kumon 和 F. Yano：“纤维降解酶对大鼠食糜纤维降解性的影响”。《关西动物科学杂志》。

Y. Aoki, F. Yano, C. Azuma, Y. Ohsako and M. Katoh: "The effect of combined supplementation of phytase and fiber degradation enzymes on phosphorus and fiber utilization"Proceedings of the 100th Conference of Japanese Socfefy of Animal Seience. 129 (2002)

Y. Aoki、F. Yano、C. Azuma、Y. Ohsako 和 M. Katoh：“联合补充植酸酶和纤维降解酶对磷和纤维利用的影响”日本动物科学协会第 100 届会议论文集。

青木幸尚: "飼料へのフィターゼ剤と繊維分解複合酵素の併用が、リン繊維の利用性に及ぼす影響"日本畜産学会第100回大会講演要旨. 129 (2002)

Yukihisa Aoki：“在饲料中联合使用植酸酶剂和纤维降解复合酶对磷纤维利用的影响”日本动物科学学会第 100 届年会摘要 129（2002）。

矢野 史子: "第3回畜産環境国際シンポジウム講演集"(財)畜産環境整備機構. 15 (2003)

矢野富美子：《第三届国际畜牧环境研讨会演讲集》畜牧环境改善组织15（2003）。