Pharmacokinetics of racemic and S(+)-ketamine administered epidurally in rabbits

表1.从硬膜外腔到血浆的药代动力学参数硬膜外消旋氯胺酮和S（+）-氯胺酮的药代动力学参数总结于表1和表2中。&lt;<table>&gt;数值表示为平均值+__-SD。*p&lt;0.05，相对于S（+）-氯胺酮。AUC：低于曲线。Cmax：最大浓度。Tmax：达峰时间。T1/2α：分布半衰期。T1/2β：消除半衰期。Vd：分布体积。从硬膜外腔到脑脊液的药代动力学参数。从<table>硬膜外腔到血浆的药代动力学参数中，S（+）-氯胺酮显著大于AUC，且Vd小于外消旋氯胺酮，这表明S（+）-氯胺酮比外消旋氯胺酮更有效地分布。这一发现可能解释了硬膜外S（+）-氯胺酮比硬膜外消旋氯胺酮具有更强的麻醉或镇痛效力。

Table1. Pharmacokinetic parameters from the epidural space to plasmaPharmacokinetic parameters of both epidural racemic ketamine and S(+)-ketamine were summarized in tables 1 and 2.<<table>>Values are expressed as Mean+__-SD. *p<0.05, vs. S(+)-ketamine. AUC: are under the curve. Cmax: maximum concentration. Tmax: time to maximum concentration. T1/2α: distribution half time. T1/2β: elimination half time. Vd: distribution volume.Table 2. Pharmacokinetic parameters form the epidural space to cerebrospinal fluid.<<table>>Values are expressed as Mean+__-SD.S(+)-ketamine had significantly larger than AUC and smaller Vd compared with racemic ketamine in the pharmacokinetic parameters from the epidural space to plasma, which indicated that S(+)-ketamine distributed more effectively than racemic ketamine. This finding may explain that epidural S(+)-ketamine had more anesthetic or analgesic potency than epidural racemic ketamine.