Spinal neuroplastic changes in lower urinary tract irritatioin, special reference to peripheral nerve growth factor and spinal protooncogene expression

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1) There was close similarity of spinal distribution of c-Fos expression and dermatome distribution of plasma extravasation after nociceptive stimulation of the bladder, prostate and external sphincter. Under the nociceptive stimulation , there would be close similarity in nocisensitive afferent pathways among these organs.2) Chronic bladder irritation induced upregulation of spinal substance P and NK1-receptor immuno-positive areas. Upregulation of transmission of substance P- NK1 system after chronic bladder irritation.3) Acute nociceptive stimulation of the prostate resulted in upregulation of spinal substance P immunoreactivity. This enhancement is weakened by administration of an alpha-blocking agent. Substance P appeared to play an important role in nociceptive transmission from the prostate. Sympathetic nerve system could influence such a nociceptive transmission.4) Electrical stimulation from the SI foramen could mask the c-Fos expression after nociceptive lower urinary tract stimulation. It appeared possible sacral nerve stimulation can improve lower urinary tract symptoms through this mechanism.