Investigation of the production, distribution and reception process of scientific knowledges.

通过对科学知识，特别是与生命观相关的科学知识的生产、流通和接受过程的分析，得出以下结论：1.在近代日本，律师的死亡标准并没有在社会上流行，而是在“脑死亡”出现之前，律师接受了常识。死亡标准由医学界盛行于社会后，出现了“脑死亡”。“2.传统中医的研究对象仅限于活着的病人，不包括死亡或垂死的人。因此，医生们并不知道他们在中医和传统日本医学中定义了死亡标准。中医学对世界和生命有着详细而精细的看法。但日本只接受中医作为纯技术，拒绝世界观和生命观。因此，科学知识可能会被接受者的偏好所拒绝，如果不明确接受者的特征和/或结构，我们就不能期望科学素养的发展。3.外行人可以产生精确的科学知识，如“吉野川问题”。因此，我们主张完善科学知识的生产-流通-接受系统，重点是“外行理论”。例如，我们必须越来越多地利用大学自己出版的期刊，而不是学术团体出版的期刊。

We analyzed the process of production, circulation and acceptance of scientific knowledge, especially related to view of life and revealed the following conclusions :1.In modern Japan, death criteria by lawyers did not prevail to society, but rather lawyers accepted common sense before the emergence of "brain death." Death criteria by medical doctors prevailed to society after the emergence of "brain death."2.Subjects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were restricted to patients who are alive, excluding dead or dying people. Thus medical doctors did not have idea that they define the death criteria in TCM and traditional Japanese medicine. TCM has detailed and elaborate views of world and life. But Japan accepted TCM only as pure technology, and rejected views of world and life. Therefore scientific knowledge could be rejected by preference of recipients and we would not expect the development of science literacy without clarifying the characteristic and/or structure of recipients.3.Lay people could produce precise knowledge of science, as seen in ‘Yoshinogawa-river issues.' So we claimed the improvement of production-circulation-acceptance system of scientific knowledge, focusing on "lay theories". For example, we must utilize journals published by universities themselves more and more, rather than those by academic societies.