FATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND THEIR HEALTH EFFECTS IN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS

本研究的目的是澄清印度尼西亚热带地区的环境污染状况及其对生态系统和人类健康可能产生的影响。大变化的水位明显维持了浮游动物和底栖动物群落的多样性。水生昆虫的生产，特别是摇尾虫的幼虫似乎支持鱼类的生产。引入浮游鱼类和/或浮游植物的圈闭实验表明，除了浮游动物外，还有其他鱼类食物，如摇尾鱼幼虫和大型植物根。为稻田开辟的泥炭地河道水由于硫酸盐离子浓度高，pH值低，汞含量为0.29 mg/l。在西爪哇的一条汞污染河流中，在河流中建立了水力发电的小型黄金精炼厂，这些装置下游沉积物中的总汞（T-Hg）浓度（84100 ng/g）比上游沉积物中的汞（T-Hg）浓度高80倍。从河流或流域中被小型黄金精炼厂泄漏的汞污染的河流中收集的水生昆虫（2000-49000 ng/g w.w）、鱼类（230-2650 ng/g w.w）和对虾（1370-4550 ng/g w.w）中检测到高浓度的T-Hg。这些鱼类的甲基汞浓度为t汞的41-76%。茂物市河流和湖泊鱼类t -汞浓度为20 ~ 130 ng/g，未检测到烷基酚，而茂物市河流中检测到50 ~ 80 ng/ml的烷基酚。壬基酚是烷基酚类化合物之一，具有内分泌干扰作用。壬基酚对PC12细胞系没有细胞毒性作用，但在无血清条件下促进细胞凋亡。西爪哇的汞污染水平高于加里曼丹。有必要进一步调查以阐明这些地区的人类健康状况。少

The objectives of the present study were to clarify the state of environmental pollution and its possible effects on ecosystems and human health in the tropical Indonesia. The nature of large variation of water level apparently maintained the diversity of zooplankton and zoobenthos communities. Production of aquatic insects, especially chironomid larvae seemed to support fish production. Enclosure experiments introducing planktivorous fish and/or floating macrophyte revealed that alternative fish food other than pelagic zooplankton, e.g., chironomid larvae and macrophyte roots.Channel water at peatland opened for rice paddies showed low pH due to high concentrations of sulfate ions and contained 0.29 mg/l of mercury. In a mercury-polluted river in West Java, where hydropower operated small-scale gold refinery units were set up in the river, total mercury (T-Hg) concentration in sediment just downstream of these units (84100 ng/g) was 80-fold higher than that in the sediment just upstre … More am. High concentrations of T-Hg were detected from aquatic insects (2000-49000 ng/g w.w.), fishes (230-2650 ng/g w.w.) and prawns (1370-4550 ng/g w.w.) collected from the rivers polluted with mercury spilled out from small-scale gold refinery units either in the river or in the watershed. Methylmercury concentrations were 41-76% of T-Hg for these fishes. T-Hg concentrations in fishes from rivers and a lake in Bogor City were 20-130 ng/g w.w.No alkylphenol was detected from the mercury-polluted rivers, whereas 50-80 ng/ml of alkylphenol was detected from the rivers in Bogor City. Nonylphenol, one of the alkylphenol group compounds, are known to induce endocrine disrupting effects. Nonylphenol caused no cytotoxic effects upon PC12 cell lines at concentrations similar to the level in Indonesian waters but it promoted apoptosis of the cells under serumfree conditions. The level of mercury pollution was higher in West Java than in Kalimantan. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate human health in these areas. Less