Chemical pproxy parametarization for evaluating prehistoric human activities.

该项目的目的是制定分析程序，以确定人类活动的化学证据，并开发一种化学方法，将人类遗骸与考古遗址中发现的自然物质区分开来。我们重点关注有机化合物和稳定同位素组成，因为这两个参数预计将表征人类农业活动和野生动物的驯化。土壤样品采集自一些考古遗址，现代农业领域和自然领域。提取部分脂类成分，用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析其分子组成。同时研究了土壤有机质碳、氮稳定同位素比值变化特征。并应用骨胶原同位素分析技术对野猪和野猪进行了鉴别。现代农业领域中的土壤有机质分析 ...更多信息 土壤有机质的δ^<13>C和δ^<15>N可以作为指示C4植物种植和人类活动对土壤微生物影响的有用指标。根据这一结果，来自北海道甲壳糖市的中绳文遗址比比挖掘遗址的土壤样本证明，至少在4,000年前，史前人类应该进行过某种处理。除了这一证据外，人体胆汁中的脱氧胆酸对固体脂质成分的分子证据也表明，人类的残余物可能被用作肥料或厕所。同样的分析也适用于在江户时代火山爆发后消失的群马县上福岛中町埋葬地点的土壤样品。脱氧胆酸检测密切从农场和粪肥水槽在农民的房子，土壤中，表明这样的分子可以是一个很有前途的代理指示粪肥treatment.Carbon和Nitric同位素比值的骨胶原蛋白被用来确定一个人的猪从野猪。揭示了早期人类人工饲养野猪可以产生具有异常同位素模式的猪，从而可以作为检测早期猪饲养证据的有用替代物。少

The purpose of this project is to prepare analytical procedures to identify a chemical evidence of human activities and to develop a chemical method to discriminate human remains from natural substances found in archeological sites. We focused organic compounds and stable isotope compositions, as both parameters are expected to characterize human agricultural activity and domestication of wild animals.Soil samples were collected from some archaeological sites, modern agricultural fields and natural fields. Some compounds in lipid fraction were extracted for identifying molecular composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes ratios were simultaneously studied to characterize biogeochemical perturbation of soil organic matter under taking agricultural activity. Bone collagen isotope analyses were also applied to discriminate domestication of Sus scrofa from wild boar populations.Soil organic matter analysis in modern agricultural field … More revealed that δ^<13>C and δ^<15>N of soil organic matter can be a useful proxy indicating C4 plants cultivation and consequent human perturbation of the soil microbe. Based on this result, soil samples from Bibi excavation site, a middle-Jomon sites in Chitose city, Hokkaido, evidences that there should be some kind treatment by prehistoric human at least 4,000 years, ago. In addition to this evidence molecular evidence by deoxycholic acids, a component of human bile, for soild lipid fraction also suggested likely usage of human leftover as fertilizer or toilet.Same analysis was applied to soil samples from burial site, Kamifukushima Nakamachi in Gunma prefecture, a lost village by a volcanic eruption in Edo era. Deoxycholic acid was detected closely in the soil from both a farm and manure sink in a farmer house, indicating that such molecules can be a promising proxy indicating manure treatment.Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen were used to identify a individual of pigs from wild boar. We revealed that early domestication of boar could produce pigs having unusual isotopic patterns due to artificial feeding by human being, then it ca be useful proxy to detect early evidence of pig feeding. Less