Research on the Shogunate Confucians' Position in the Intellectual History of the Late 18^<th> Century

在这项研究中，我考虑了18世纪晚期幕府儒家的作品，特别是他们向幕府报告的教育政策和他们的哲学，其他研究者对此知之甚少。我的研究明确了以下两点：1。幕府儒生，如林家斋、毕藤纪树和佐藤伊斋，认为天皇血统的延续并不取决于日本人民对他的忠诚，而是取决于他传承日本文化的传统角色。这种观点与后期水户学派的观点大不相同。幕府的儒生们在京和、关西和天波改革中致力于制定教育、晋升和审查政策。在天布时代之后的审查制度中，他们同意出版以前被禁止的书籍。他们认为公共演讲和写作对每个人开放是很重要的。以往的学术界关注幕府儒家在支持封建制度方面的保守态度。然而，我的研究证明，他们的审查政策并不像以前认为的那样狭隘。对他们在教育政策方面的成就以及他们在其他方面的工作，需要进行更仔细的研究。

In this research, I gave consideration to the works of the shogunate Confucians of the late 18th century, especially their educational policy as reported to the shogunate and their philosophy on which other researchers have shed little light. Two points made clear by my research are as follows :1. The shogunate Confucians, such as Hayashi Jussai, Bitoh Jishu, and Satoh Issai, thought that the continuity of the Emperor's lineage depended not on the Japanese people's fidelity to him, but on his traditional role of handing down Japanese culture.This view was quite different from the one of the Late Mito School.2. The shogunate Confucians were engaged in creating policies on education, promotion and censorship in the Kyoho, the Kansei, and the Tenpo Reforms. In their censorship after the Tenpo era, they agreed to publish books that had previously been prohibited. They thought it important for public speech and writing to be open to everyone.Previous scholarship has paid attention to the shogunate Confucians' conservative attitude in supporting the feudal system. However, my research proves that their censorship policies were not narrow-minded more than previously believed.More careful research will be needed into their achievements in educational policies along with their other works.