Interface between Child-Rearing Behaviors of Mothers and Social Support in Community

本研究旨在探讨育儿初期母亲获得社会服务或资源的可及性。这项研究一直集中在宫城县的太和镇(人口24,000)，数据是通过向居住在那里的母亲发放的问卷获得的。1)在育儿的前五年中，母亲的负性情绪和行为在育儿第二年后有所增加，而积极情感却在减少，但积极程度仍较高。这表明，在这些年里，母亲们经常需要一些支持。(2)城镇育儿资源得不到充分重视和充分利用。重要的是让母亲们知道镇上有什么资源，以及它们是如何获得的。3)为了研究母亲们是如何使用个人计划的，我们重点研究了“Kosodate-Soudan”，任何有婴儿的人都可以使用该计划。母亲们可以咨询工作人员，任何她们担心的事情，或者相互之间自由交谈。结果表明，与非用户相比，用户更有可能“在镇上生活的时间不长”，“生第一个孩子的年龄更小”，“得到的支持更少”，以及“感觉自己的孩子更难相处”。关于他们的使用方式，有两个因素被认为是“获得信息或建议”和“有宾至如归的感觉”。两者都与他们得到支持的感觉有关。此外，这种感觉使她们在参与后与丈夫、祖父母或朋友进行交流。虽然经评估，“科索沃--苏丹岛”总体运作良好，但在不久的将来仍需解决进入该方案的一些困难。

This study was to examined the accessibility to the social services or resources for mothers during the early life of child-raring. Taiwa Town, Miyagi (population 24,000) was consistently focused in this, study, and data were obtained through questionnaires given to mothers who lived there. 1) During the first five years of child-raring life, negative feelings and behaviors of mother increased after the second year of rearing life, and the positive feelings decreased at the same time, though the positive level kept rather high. It suggests that mothers constantly need some support during these years. 2) Child-raring resources in the town were neither fully recognized nor made most use of. It is important to let mothers know what resources are there in town and how they are available. 3) For the purpose of examining how the individual program is used by Mothers, we focused on "Kosodate-Soudan which is available for anyone who has an infant. Mothers can consult staff anything they worry about or talk freely with each other. Results suggested that users were likely "to live not so long in town", "to have the first child who is younger", "to have less support", and "to feel her child more difficult" than un-users were. Concerning with the way they used, two factors identified "To get the informat ion or advice" and "To feel at home". Both were related to their feeling of being supported. Furthermore this kind of feeling made them communicative to their husband, grandparents or friends after participation. Although it was evaluated that "Kosodate-Soudan" has been generally well-functioned, some difficulties of access to the program need to be solved in the near future.