权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

A Study of Consensus Making Process in Environmental Risk Managernent

环境风险管理共识制定过程研究

基本信息

批准号：
13610148
负责人：
NAKAYACHI Kazuya
金额：
$ 2.43万
依托单位：
Tezukayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present research examined what policies can recover the endangered trust of environmental risk managers after they cause an accident. Models of signaling effects and the hostage posting were applied. Hostage posting means to deposit something important which will be forfeited if the poster deceives others in social exchange. From the economics viewpoint, it is predicted that hostage posting will increase cooperative behavior, which is an index of the improvement of trust, because it causes the change of pay-off structure. However, from the psychological viewpoint, the improvement of trust is predicted because the voluntariness in hostage posting has signaling effects that improves the trusters' perception of integrity and competence of the trustees. Results of experiments suggest that risk managers can recover the public trust and perception of competence by a voluntary hostage posting that introduces a monitoring and penalty rule to themselves. On the other hand, the same hostage posted after the stakeholders' demand cannot improve their trust at all. These results mean that the voluntariness working as a signal of integrity and competence is more important for the recovery of trust than the change of the pay-off structure. However, a social survey concerning the public opinion on the repair work of the Miyamori River showed different results. The results of the survey showed the independent relationship between the public evaluation of the hostage posting (an introduction of monitoring and penalty rule to themselves) and their trust in the responsible, suggesting that the public participation cannot always improve the trust of risk managers. Finally, the factors that caused differences between the results of the experiments and the social survey were discussed.

本研究探讨了在环境风险管理者造成事故后，什么样的政策可以恢复他们受到威胁的信任。信号效应和人质张贴模型。人质寄放是指寄放重要的东西，如果寄放者在社会交换中欺骗他人，则会被没收存款。从经济学的观点来看，人质事件会引起支付结构的变化，从而增加合作行为，这是信任改善的一个指标。然而，从心理学的角度来看，信任的提高是可以预测的，因为人质张贴的非自愿性具有信号效应，提高了信任者的诚信和受托人的能力的看法。实验结果表明，风险管理人员可以恢复公众的信任和感知能力的自愿人质张贴，介绍了一个监测和惩罚规则给自己。另一方面，在利益相关者提出要求后发布的同样的人质根本不能提高他们的信任。这些结果表明，作为诚信和能力信号的非自愿性比报酬结构的改变对信任的恢复更重要。然而，一项关于宫森河修复工作的民意的社会调查显示了不同的结果。调查结果显示，公众对人质事件的评价（引入监督和惩罚规则）与他们对责任人的信任之间存在独立关系，这表明公众参与并不总是能提高风险管理者的信任。最后，对造成实验结果与社会调查结果差异的因素进行了讨论。