A Study on the Fortress Building and the Construction of the Defensive System in Modern Japan

本研究对1910年《堡垒防御学教法》的形成过程进行了积极而深入的研究，以期对近代日本的堡垒建设和防御工事制度这一主题有所思考。因此，本文的研究成果主要有以下四点：1.由于日本的军事保密结构，1910年《堡垒防御工事》的教学指导仅限于参谋长总部和堡垒总部的少数工作人员阅读和检查，因此，近代日本关于堡垒防御工事含义的公开讨论和研究已经完美地结束了。另一方面，本研究首次考量了1902年《堡垒防御性教学指令》和1910年《堡垒防御性教学指令》草案的内容和意义。2.1910年《堡垒防御性教学指令》对堡垒的作战准备和防御队的安排有了相当完整的规定。3.1910年的《堡垒防御性教学指令》给出了关于民事政府和警察职责的物质法思维方式。4.正如克劳泽维茨所指出的，在建立常备军之后，堡垒保护居民的自然目的已经被遗忘了。但在1910年《堡垒防御性教学指导意见》的形成过程中，关于居民保护的争论部分潜伏着。

This study had made a deeper researches positively in the process of formation on Teaching Instructions of Fortress Defensive in 1910 for the considering of the theme on the building of the fortress and the defensive system in modern Japan. As a result, the fruits of the researches are four points as follows.1.Teaching Instructions of Fortress Defensive in 1910 had been read and been inspected merely by the few work person in the Headquarters of Staff Officer and Headquarters of Fortress, because of the military secrecy protective structure.As a result, the public discussions and studies on the meanings of fortress defensive had been closed perfectly in modern Japan. On the other side, this studies had considered on the contents and meanings of the Draft Teaching Instructions of Fortress Defensive in 1902 and Teaching Instructions of Fortress Defensive in 1910 for the first time.2.Teaching Instructions of Fortress Defensive in 1910 had given the complete rules considerably on the operation of battle preparation and the arrangement defense corps of fortress.3.Teaching Instructions of Fortress Defensive in 1910 give the material way of thinking of material law on the civil government and the police duties.4.As Clauzewitz pointed out, natural purpose of fortress on the protection of residents had been forgotten after construction the standing army. But the controversy on the residents protection were latent partially in process of formation of Teaching Instructions of Fortress Defensive in 1910.