A Research of Dealing Process of Landowners' Sakutoku-Mai (Rice as Profit) - An Approach to Local Society Structure Study -

地主的作德麦（大米作为利润）的处理过程研究 - 地方社会结构研究的一种方法 -

• 批准号: 13610378
• 负责人: HARA Naofumi
• 金额: $ 1.66万
• 依托单位: NIIGATA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610378/
• 关键词: Landowners' Sakutoku-Mai (rice as profit); Japanese early-modern history; Local society structure; 商品流通; 米穀流通

The purpose of this research was to acquire a viewpoint for clarifying the characteristics of large landowners' hegemony over local society, or the integration of the partial society, by putting junction of the landowner system research and the historical research of circulation. I tried to clarify the circulation process of Sakutoku-Mai (rice as profit) with a larger view by arrangement and collection of ship side historical records, in addition to the management documents of landowners. The knowledge acquired by consideration of these historical records is as follows.1. The rice named "Sanden-Mai" and "Sakutoku-Mai", dealt in the port towns in early-modern Echigo, was the rice as landowners' profit, distinguished from feudal-lords' Kura-Mai (rice as tax).2. The price display form of Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai was unlike that of Machi-Mai. The dealing form of Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai appears to be common in Kura-Mai.3. Although Sakutoku-Mai is seen from Echigo to Dewa and Mutsu, Sanden-Mai is a special name seen in northern Echigo, such as Niigata. This Sanden-Mai appeared after the middle of the 18th century.4. In the Kamigata and Setouchi area, Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai of Echigo were recognized as special goods.5. The place names which Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai were entitled were the result of selling form through the landowners' Kura-Dokoro(warehouse). Therefore, Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai were regarded as goods with quality next to Kura-Mai, and came to be recognized as special goods.6. The function of this Kura-Dokoro serves as a key which solves how a large landowners integrate the local community, including the rural rice merchants.Through the above knowledge and hypothesis, I could acquire the viewpoint to develop the future research.

本研究的目的是通过将土地所有者制度研究与流通史研究相结合，为厘清大地主对地方社会的霸权或局部社会的整合特征提供一个视角。我试图通过整理和收集船边的历史记录，以及土地所有者的管理文件，以更大的视角来阐明sakutokui - mai（大米作为利润）的流通过程。通过考虑这些历史记录所获得的知识如下。在近代早期越后的港口城镇交易的“三登麦”和“佐德麦”，是作为地主利润的大米，区别于封建领主的“仓麦”（大米作为税收）。三登舞和佐德舞的价格展示形式与町舞不同。山登麦和佐德麦的交易形式似乎在库拉麦中很常见。虽然从越后到Dewa和Mutsu可以看到Sakutoku-Mai，但Sanden-Mai是在越后北部（如新泻）看到的特殊名称。这种散登麦出现于18世纪中期以后。在上潟和濑户内地区，越后的山登麦和佐德麦被认为是特殊商品。山登麦和佐德麦的地名是通过土地所有者的仓多罗（仓库）出售形式的结果。因此，山登麦和佐德麦被认为是仅次于仓麦的优质商品，并逐渐被认为是特殊商品。库拉-多科罗的功能是解决大土地所有者如何整合当地社区，包括农村稻商的关键。通过以上的知识和假设，我可以获得发展未来研究的观点。