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The Social Structure of Gentry Community from Eleventh- to Thirteenth century England

十一至十三世纪英国士绅共同体的社会结构

基本信息

批准号：
13610455
负责人：
TSURUSHIMA Hirokazu
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
Kumamoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610455/
关键词：
England Kent the long-eleventh century Latin Christendom thegn knight gentry the community of the shire アイデンティティ地域 11世紀海民 corrody

项目摘要

John Gillingham designates the years from 990s to 1130s as ‘the long-eleventh century'. He finds out the birth of gentry in this period. Peter Coss criticizes the the eleventh-century origin of English gentry in his great book. In this project I have researched the realities of the community of the gentry, that is, ‘the society of the good men', from eleventh- to thirteenth century Kent from such points of view as family, community, vassalage, memory and written record, and the settlement of dispute.Since George Duby, the long-eleventh century has been said to see the origin of the monogamic family. David Bates verifies the process of the transformation from the amorphous kin-group, referring to the diffusion of toponymics from 1040 to 1060. That is the birth of locality.In England the usage of toponymics has been ‘vaguely felt' absent. To Sir James Holt, an Anglo-Saxon toponymic usually leads to a village', different from a Norman toponymic, which leads to 'a lordship or castle'. Howe … More ver, ‘the toponymics applied, albeit sporadically and rarely, to English thegns, do not indicate mere. residence in a rural community, but the lords who owned the estates of which those communities were composed.'The word gentry stems from ‘gentrice', good men in birth. The characteristics, which people attributed to this word, never lost to the last, are as follows : (1).It is a local landowner and a territorial elite. (2).It has a collective identity with its locality, specially with the county. (3).It relates to a public authority and has a chance to participate in local royal governance. In short, a gentry is a type of lesser nobility and this status group was formed by the king's local governance. Their realities varied from time to time and from place to place according to differences in kingship and local governmental structure. Therefore we must go upstream of the history of gentry as far as the source of the locality.Sharing the memories, they were good men to the kings as well as to the country. It was the meetings that gave substance and contour to the county. It was good men who took part in the settlement of local disputes and preserved collective memories. We find the birth of the society of good men in the beginning of the long-eleventh century. Through the twelfth century, in the thirteenth century when the sense of community of realm appeared, they called themselves `the knights and gentry of the community of Kent' and in legal sense the community of the shire was formed. It was they that made England unique in the European History. Less

约翰·吉林厄姆 (John Gillingham) 将 990 年代到 1130 年代称为“漫长的 11 世纪”。他发现了这一时期士绅的诞生。彼得·科斯（Peter Coss）在他的伟大著作中批评了十一世纪英国绅士的起源。在这个项目中，我从家庭、社区、附庸、记忆和文字记录、争端解决等角度研究了十一世纪至十三世纪肯特郡的士绅共同体，即“好人社会”的现实。自乔治·杜比以来，漫长的十一世纪被认为是一夫一妻制家庭的起源。大卫·贝茨验证了从无定形的亲属群体转变的过程，提到了从1040年到1060年地名学的传播。这就是地方性的诞生。在英国，地名学的使用已经“隐约感觉到”不存在。对于詹姆斯·霍尔特爵士来说，盎格鲁-撒克逊地名通常指向“村庄”，而诺曼地名则指向“领主或城堡”。 Howe … 更多版本，“地名学应用于英语主题，尽管是零星的和很少的，但并不只是表明。 “gentry”这个词源于“gentrice”，即天生的好人。人们赋予这个词始终不渝的特征是：（1）它是地方地主，是领地精英。 (2).具有地方特别是县的集体认同。 (3).与公共权力相关，有机会参与地方王室治理。简而言之，士绅是小贵族的一种，这个身份群体是由国王对地方的治理而形成的。由于王权和地方政府结构的不同，他们的现实情况随着时间和地点的不同而有所不同。因此，我们必须沿着士族历史的上游，追寻地方的源头。分享记忆，他们是君王的好人，也是国家的好人。正是这些会议为该县提供了实质内容和轮廓。是好人参与了当地争端的解决并保存了集体记忆。我们发现好人社会诞生于漫长的十一世纪初。整个十二世纪、十三世纪，当王国共同体意识出现时，他们称自己为“肯特共同体的骑士和绅士”，法律意义上的郡共同体也就形成了。正是他们使英格兰在欧洲历史上独一无二。较少的

项目成果

期刊论文数量（23）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

オスカー・ハレツキ(代表記者鶴島博和): "ヨーロッパ史の時間と空間"慶応義塾大学出版会. 250 (2002)

Oscar Harecki（代表记者：鹤岛宏和）：《欧洲历史中的时间与空间》庆应义塾大学出版社250（2002）。

DOI：
发表时间：
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
通讯作者：

The Society of Goodmen and the Birth of local community in Eleventh-Century England (in Japanese)

十一世纪英格兰的好人协会和当地社区的诞生（日语）

DOI：
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
The Dynamism of Medieval Europe, Kyushyu UP.
影响因子：
0
作者：
鶴島博和;Hirokazu Tsurushima;Hirokazu Tsurushima;鶴島博和;鶴島博和;Hirokazu Tsurushima;Hirokazu Tsurushima
通讯作者：
Hirokazu Tsurushima

The Real knights in the Historical Evidence (in Japanese)

历史证据中的真正骑士（日文）