A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON THE DANISH REFORMATION

本研究的目的是从政治的角度对丹麦宗教改革进行基础性研究。具体来说，这个过程有三个不同的阶段；(1)路德教义的传播（1517- 1533），(2)伯爵战争（1534- 1536），(3)颁布。加冕宪章和教会条例等（1536- 1550）。在第一阶段，路德教早在1519年就被引入丹麦。路德的教义逐渐在丹麦传播开来，尤其是在城镇。腓特烈一世于1533年4月去世。他的官方教会政策并不明确，在天主教和新教之间摇摆不定。但他个人似乎更喜欢路德教。在腓特烈一世死后的第二阶段，政治危机爆发了。1533年夏天，他们无法决定下一任丹麦国王，由高级贵族和神职人员组成的Rigsraad接管了国家。这导致了伯爵战争。吕贝克镇被占领了……两年后，前国王的长子克里斯蒂安公爵（后来的克里斯蒂安三世）掌权，结束了战争。在第三阶段，克里斯蒂安三世于1536年8月进军哥本哈根，很快下令监禁7名天主教主教。克里斯蒂安·伊尔的胜利是丹麦宗教改革的前奏。1536年10月国会同意了国王的政策1537年新教会的根本法律《教会条例》出台。最后，《圣经》的丹麦语译本于1550年出版。丹麦宗教改革的特点有：它被称为“不流血”，在很短的时间内进行，这是一场由国王发起的自上而下的政治改革。宗教改革后，传统的使徒继承停止了。纵观丹麦宗教改革的实现过程，就是政治权力向国王集中的过程，这导致了1661年君主专制制度的引入

The aim of this research is to conduct a fundamental study on the Danish Reformation, from the political point of view. Specifically there are three different phases for the process; (I) the spread of Luther's teaching (1517-33),(2) the Count's War (1534-36), (3) the promulgation of the. Coronation Charter and Church Ordinance etc.(1536-50).During the first phase, Lutherism was introduced into Denmark already in 1519. And gradually the doctrine of Luther spread in Denmark, especially in the towns. Frederik I passed away in April 1533. The official church policy of his was not something definite, swinging between Catholicism and Protestantism. But personally he seemed to favor Lutherism.During the second phase after the death of Frederik I, the political crisis broke out. In 1533 summer, they could not decide the next Danish king and the Rigsraad, consisting of the higher nobility and clergymen took over to govern the country. This led to the the Count' War. The town of Lubeck took reve … More nge. After two years, the oldest son of ex-king, Duke Christian (later Christian III) gained power and he ended the war.During the third phase, Christian III marched into Copenhagen in August 1536 and soon ordered imprisonment of 7 Catholic bishops. Christian Ill's victory was a prelude to the Reformation in Denmark. The Diet meetings of October 1536 agreed to the policy of the king and in 1537 the fundamental law of the new church, Church Ordinance came out. Finally the Danish translation of the Bible was published in 1550.The characteristics of the Danish Reformation are; it is known as "bloodless" and conducted in a very short time, and it was a political reform from above, conducted by the initiative of the king. After the Reformation the tradition of the Apostolic Succession ceased. Looking at the process of the realization of the Danish Reformation, it is the course of the centralization of political power to the king, which led to the introduction of the absolute monarchy in 1661 Less