Research on Property in Land and Basic-Level Administration in Rural China

本合作研究通过对中国农村土地产权关系的现实、制度和理论的一些基本案例的探讨，阐明了中国农村在法律、政治和农业经济领域存在的实质性问题。本研究从法律领域入手，以不动产产权法、农村土地承包经营权等重要立法为步骤，从制定层面和法律制度层面对这些法律的理论问题进行了顺序梳理。我们跨越政治领域，聚焦城乡基层的权力关系及其内在支撑，并以北京市为例，尽可能详实地阐释现实与制度。在农业经济领域，我们考察了家庭联产承包责任制和承包经营权的配置。我们披露，中国在实行市场经济的同时，开始将农村土地（或耕地）与其他生产部门（如资本等）同等对待。在上述研究的基础上，我们得出如下结论：随着中国向市民社会和市场经济迈进，合同经营权要素的矛盾和不稳定、基层行政组织的构成、围绕权利分配的集体决策等问题需要得到解决。“集体与成员”、“集体、家庭与个人”等概念的分析对我们今后研究中国农村土地产权关系有一定的借鉴意义。

Exploring some basic cases of the reality, institution and theory around the rural land property relations of China, this collaboration research explicated the substantial problems in the legal, political and agro-economical domains of Chinese countryside.Started from the legal areas, the research following the step of some important legislation such as real right property and rural land contract management right, sorted out the theoretic problems of these law in sequences from both the enactment aspect and the legal system aspect.Going across the political domains, we concentrated on the authority relations and its underlying sustentations of the-town-village-level-substratum, illuminated the actualities and institutions as elaborated as possible, by taking an example as Beijing city.Turning to the agro-economical fields, we investigated on the household contract responsibility system and the allotment of contract management right. We disclosed, China began to treat rural land(or fanning land) as same as other kinds of production factions(like capital and so on), while going ahead for market economics.Based, on the studies above, we approached the conclusion hereby : As China moving forward into civil society and market economy, antinomy and unsteady bought out by elements of contract management right, constitutions of the substratum administration organizations, collective decision makings around right distributions, need to be resolved. Analytic concepts as "group and member"and "collective, family and individual" will be useful to our future research on the land property relations in the Chinese countryside.