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Comparative Politics of Social Capital

社会资本的比较政治学

基本信息

批准号：
13620080
负责人：
OGAWA Ariyoshi
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
Chiba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study is to investigate European societies and politics in terms of "social capital," an important concept in the field of contemporary comparative politics developed above all by Robert A. Putnam. Putnam assumed that a "strong society" with firm social capital like voluntary associations, mutual trust would lead to a "strong state" and a "strong economy," as have often been claimed in the American context. But our findings, based on comparison between the European Union, Germany, France, Southern and Northern Europe, show many different sets of logics behind the civil societies and the public spaces. First, in the European context, not only the social capital but also those things which can be termed "political capital" (partisan organization and sub-cultures) and "institutional capital" such as welfare states and semi-public intermediate channels (which "neo-Huntingtonians" put emphases on) have built comprehensive interdependent/interlocking structures in the public spaces. Second, Internalionalization/Europeanization has ambivalent repercussions on the social capital and democracy. In a case like Germany, the tradition of social (organization) coordination is revived partly in the EU governance structure. On the contrary, fiscal standardization and even the programs of raising civil society activities and NGOs make risk of derogation of autonomous development of civil societies in cases like Central and South Eastern Europe.

本研究从“社会资本”的角度来考察欧洲社会和政治，“社会资本”是当代比较政治学领域的一个重要概念，由罗伯特·a·普特南首先提出。帕特南认为，一个“强大的社会”，拥有坚定的社会资本，如自愿协会、相互信任，将导致一个“强大的国家”和一个“强大的经济”，正如在美国背景下经常声称的那样。但我们的研究结果，基于对欧盟、德国、法国、南欧和北欧的比较，显示了公民社会和公共空间背后的许多不同的逻辑。首先，在欧洲的背景下，不仅是社会资本，还有那些可以被称为“政治资本”（党派组织和亚文化）和“制度资本”（如福利国家和半公共中间渠道）的东西（“新亨廷顿主义者”强调）已经在公共空间中建立了全面的相互依存/连锁结构。第二，国际化/欧洲化对社会资本和民主产生了矛盾的影响。在德国这样的国家，社会（组织）协调的传统在欧盟治理结构中得到了部分恢复。相反，财政标准化，甚至提高公民社会活动和非政府组织的计划，在中欧和东南欧等情况下，都有损害公民社会自主发展的风险。