Strategic R & D policy : R & D investment and oligopolistic market under uncertainty

当经济体之间的关联度越来越大，市场竞争越来越激烈时，资源有限的企业会试图战略性地投资于生产和研发，以保持其竞争力。然而，由于R & D活动所产生的技术具有公共物品的特性，其市场失灵的可能性是巨大的。由于R & D投资带来的创新被认为是对增长的贡献，如果社会损失的幅度巨大，政府必须出台R & D政策。此外，由于研发投资始终存在不确定性，因此，有效管理投资战略是必不可少的。在这种情况下，企业为了利用研发活动的规模经济和避免研发溢出效应，通常会组建研究合资企业。另一方面，由于存在信息不对称和成员企业利益的差异，RJV可能导致X-无效率，因此研究寡头企业的有效投资策略和合适的R & D政策是非常重要的。研究了商品市场结构对R & D竞争的影响，以及R & D竞争对商品市场结构的反作用。但是，这些问题在战略R & D投资的文献中并没有得到系统的回答。我们的主要目标是分析在不确定性下的不完全信息模型中存在的问题。本研究的主要内容如下：1.对企业战略性R & D投资及其海外经营战略选择和政府R & D政策的理论文献进行综述; 2.建立一个跨国企业在资源受限条件下的投资战略内部化模型; 3.在组织信息不对称和R & D不确定性的假设下，研究市场结构与企业R & D投资绩效之间的相互关系。

When the degree of interrelation between economies becomes bigger and the market becomes more competitive, firms with limited resource try to invest in production and R & D strategically and keep their competitiveness. With characteristic of public goods, however, technology produced by R & D activities is explosed to market failure. Since innovation brought by R & D investment is said to contribute to the growth, government must introduce R & D policy if the magnitude of social loss is huge. Moreover, efficient management of investment strategies is indispensable because there is always uncertainty in R&D investment. Under those circumstances, it is common that firms organize a research joint venture(RJV) in order to utilize economies of scale in R & D activities and avert R & D spillovers. On the other hand, RJV may cause X-inefficiency because there are asymmetric information and interests of member firms can be different.It is important to investigate what are the efficient investment strategies for oligopolistic firms and what are the appropriate R & D policies. And, how market structure in goods affects R & D rivalry, or adversely, R & D competition affects market structure is also studied. But, these questions are not fully answered systematically in literature on strategic R & D investment. Our main objective is to analyze those issues in the models with incomplete information under uncertainty. The following are the topics which are dealt in this research project :1.Make a survey of theoretical literature on firm's strategic R & D investment and its strategic choice of foreign operations and government's R & D policy.2.To build a model which internalizes investment strategies of a multinational enterprise when its resource is constrained.3.Investigate interrelation between market structure and the performance of firm's R & D investment when asymmetric information in organizations and uncertainty in R & D are assumed.