Genetic, Morphological, and Archaeological Analysis for the Kinship of Skeletons from a Double Burial.

通过详细的牙齿测量分析和线粒体DNA分析，我们推断了在日本北海道的Usu-Moshiri遗址发现的双葬骨骼的亲属关系。在该遗址发现了两个双重墓葬：一个是1985年出土的，包括两个外壁绳纹少年个体（标本3A和3B），另一个是1988年发现的两个最新的绳纹成年女性（标本16A和16b）。考古背景表明，在这些双重墓葬中发现的两具骷髅之间存在血缘关系。线粒体DNA高变区I和II段的序列表明母系亲缘关系在3A和3B之间，而母系亲缘关系在16A和16B之间完全被否认。此外，关于牙冠测量和比例，3A和3B之间的q模式相关性一直是正的，并且非常高。然而，16A和16B之间的q模相关性一直很低或为负。因此，3A和3B被认为是母系近亲，16A和16B被认为是陌生人。该研究表明，将牙学分析与线粒体DNA检测相结合，可能有效地可靠和详细地评估古代骨骼的亲属关系。

We inferred the kinship of skeletons discovered from double burials at the Usu-Moshiri site in Hokkaido, Japan, by using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA analysis. Two double burials were found at the site: one unearthed in 1985 consisted of two Epi-Jomon juvenile individuals (specimens 3A and 3B), and the other consisted of two latest Jomon adult females (specimens 16A and l6B) discovered in 1988. Consanguinity between the two skeletons found from these double burials was suggested by the archaeological context. The sequence of the segments of hypervariable region I and II of Mitochondrial DNA suggested the maternal kinship between 3A and 3B, whereas the maternal kinship between 16A and 16B was completely denied. Moreover, Q-mode correlations between 3A and 3B with respect to tooth crown measurements and proportions were consistently positive and very high. However, Q-mode correlations between 16A and 16B were consistently low or negative. Therefore, 3A and 3B were considered to be close maternal relatives, and 16A and 16B were considered to be strangers. This study demonstrated that combining odontological analysis with mitochondrial DNA testing may be effective for reliable and detailed kinship assessment of ancient skeletons.