A Study on the Changes in Ready-built Houses and Housing Projects in the early 1970s in Japan

这项研究的目的是澄清1970年代主要私人公司在郊区开发的现成住房和住房项目的变化因素。该研究的意义在于：1)日本房屋寿命的延长与西方相比较短；2)现建房屋的变化过程，现建房屋占目前供应住宅的10%。对9个住宅项目进行了包括问卷调查在内的13种类型的研究。每个项目都是在同一时间开发的，与东京的距离几乎相等。本研究明确了以下事项：1)土地销售面积的方法和开发条件的变化，如建筑面积和是否存在建筑协议，将在三十年后产生各种差异，涉及房屋变更情况，家庭构成，前院情况等。2)孩子的年龄和户主的年龄对房屋改建的影响大于房屋建成后的年数。3)购买二手房的家庭类型比购买新建商品房的家庭类型更加多样化。该居民住在一栋有15年多历史的房子里，重建的可能性很大。4)绿色数量与绿色cal-e频率相关。然而，植物的数量与它们无关。5)老年家庭比年轻家庭有更多的绿色和更好的照顾。6)朝向南路的房子和位于街道尽头的房子有更多的绿化和更好的照顾。7)现成住房项目比现房项目拥有更多的绿化面积和更好的护理。此外，有施工协议的住房项目比没有施工协议的住房项目拥有更多的绿地和更好的护理。8)邻里对房屋改造、绿化面积、护理频率的影响。

This study aimed at clarifying the factors of change in ready-built houses and housing projects developed by major private companies in the suburbs during 1970s. The study is useful because it offers a better understanding of: 1) the prolongation of life of the Japanese house which is short compared with the West; and 2) the changing process of ready-built houses which occupy ten percent of the residences currently supplied. For nine housing projects, thirteen types of research including questionnaire were conducted. Every project was developed at the same time and at an almost equal distance from Tokyo.The following things were clarified in this study:1) The method of lot sales area and the variation in development conditions, such as floor area and the existence of a building agreement, will produce various differences in thirty years, relating to housing alteration situation, family composition, the situation of front yards and so forth.2) A child's age and a householder's age are more influential in the alteration of a house than the number of years after the residence was constructed.3) Types of families who bought used-houses are more various than those of families who bought new ready-built houses. The residence lived in a more than fifteen years old house rebuild them in high rate possibility.4) Green quantity and the frequency of green cal-e are related. However, the number of plants is not related to them.5) Elder families have more green and better care than young families.6) The house facing south road and that locating at an end of streets have more green and better care.7) A ready-built housing project has more green areas with better care than a sale-of-site housing project. Furthermore the housing project with a construction agreement has more green areas with better care than that without a construction agreement.8) Neighbors influence each other about the housing alteration, green area and the care frequency.