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Research on the Pit Splitting Mechanism in Peach and a Trial to Reduce the Split-pit-induced Fruit Drop before Harvesting

桃裂核机理研究及采前减少裂核落果试验

基本信息

批准号：
13660035
负责人：
NAKANO Mikio
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Kyoto Prefectural University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Fruits growers in Japan tend to produce big size fruits as dictated by consumer's demand. But, the treatments to promote the fruit growth also promote the split-pit and fruit drop. Previous results on the research are as follows; 1)Split-pit should be induced by the tensile force of flesh which pull sidewise the pit mainly during the period of stage II. 2)Immature seed coat drastically produces ethylene just after being exposed to air. 3)In common case of split-pit, in which the cracks are restricted in endocarp, no air is induced to seed and no ethylene is released until fruit maturation, but fruit drop is promoted before maturation.In this report, physical properties of peach fruits were investigated. Although hardiness of stone increased from stage I to stage III, the stone was estimated to be brittle and crisp during stage II. Tensile strength, plasticity and Young's modulus of the flesh in the growth promoted plot were more increased than those in the control. When pit was artificially split by injection of dye solution from the peduncle scar to the inner cavity of stone with increasing pressure, resistance force to rapture increased accompanying with the fruit development, but the values of those during stage II were statistically reduced by growth promotion, and a negative relationship between fruit diameter and the resistance force was observed.Flower bud thinning is more advisable for fruit production with better size and less split-pit, because earlier thinning may promote cell division of the remainder and secure the possibility of better fruit growth after the risky stage II. But, it is noticeable that embryo sacs of the seed in the plot of flower bud thinning were frequently deformed, in which abnormality of ploidy level by nuclear DNA was observed.

根据消费者的需求，日本的水果种植者倾向于生产大型水果。但是，促进果实生长的处理也促进了裂核和落果。前人的研究结果表明：1）裂孔主要是在第二阶段由果肉的拉力引起的，果肉的拉力主要作用于裂孔的侧面。2)未成熟的种皮暴露在空气中后会大量产生乙烯。（3）在普通裂核情况下，裂纹仅限于内果皮，在果实成熟前不产生气体，也不释放乙烯，但在果实成熟前促进落果。虽然石头的硬度增加，从第一阶段到第三阶段，石头估计是脆，脆在第二阶段。促长区果肉的抗拉强度、塑性和杨氏模量均比对照区提高。从果梗痕处向果核内腔注入染料溶液，加压人工劈核时，随着果实发育，抗裂力增大，但第二阶段的抗裂力随着促生长而显著降低，果实直径与阻力呈负相关，疏蕾有利于果实产量的提高，更好的大小和更少的分裂核，因为早期间伐可以促进剩余部分的细胞分裂，并确保在风险阶段II之后更好的果实生长的可能性。但在疏蕾试验中，种子胚囊常发生畸形，核DNA倍性水平异常。