Forgeries and Networks – The “Mittheilungen des Museen-Verbandes” and counterfeiting networks in the twentieth Century (ForNet)

伪造和网络 – “博物馆协会通知”和二十世纪的伪造网络 (ForNet)

• 批准号: 531800604
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Henry Keazor
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte (IEG)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/531800604?language=en
• 关键词: Forgeries; Networks; Mittheilungen; des; Museen

The project will use digital tools and methods in order to assess the detecting and preventive strategies against art forgeries, as implemented in the journal “Mittheilungen des Museen-Verbandes…”, published between 1899 and 1939 by the “International Association of Museum Officials for the Prevention of Forgeries and Improper Business Practices”. Here, art historians, art dealers and museum employees from the leading museums, collections and sale institutions of their time in Europe and North America published exposed forgeries of ancient to modern art. The aim was to put an early stop to the sale – and: by exposing forgers and forger's workshops – also to the production of such counterfeits through rapid international reconnaissance. The journal can be seen as a kind of forerunner of contemporary attempts at forgery detection and prevention, such as the “Database of Critical Works”, set up in 2005 in Germany. One aim of the project is to examine the efficiency of the endeavor: Did it live up to its goals? Since one of the main traits of the “Verein” and of the “Mittheilungen” was their international network structure, they will be analyzed with the help of a digital network analysis. This is also helpful when it comes to further questions about the changes in the function and organizational structure of the “Verein”, about the path and further fate of the objects, discussed in its journal, as well as about their changing status as originals, forgeries, copies or re-creations. In the process, archival research and digital analysis will mutually motivate and differentiate each other. The project’s digital component has several distinct but interlinking goals. First of all, the relevant information in each of the entries in the “Mittheilungen” will be captured in XML. On the basis of this dataset, networks are created and analyzed. Initially, the network analysis focuses on revealing that web of relationships that tied the main actors, institutions, and objects to each other. However, rather than being static, the network analysis is organically shaped and guided by the art historical research questions that underpin this project. At the same time, particular patterns detected by the network analysis are likely to reveal and suggest new avenues for the archival research undertaken in the project. Apart from serving the research questions of ForNet, the resulting dataset has a broader application as well. ForNet envisages the creation of an online research environment, a dedicated website that provides all the data, including the XML transcriptions and network visualizations, generated by the project. Moreover, the data in the XML transcriptions are ingested in a specifically-designed graph database that powers this website and makes it possible to query the data in a dynamic way. As such, ForNet provides also a resource that serves scholars and members of the wider (academic) community.

该项目将使用数字工具和方法来评估艺术赝品的检测和预防策略，如1899年至1939年由“国际博物馆官员协会防止赝品和不当商业行为”出版的杂志“Mittheilungen des Museen-Verbandes…”所实施的那样。在这里，来自当时欧洲和北美主要博物馆、收藏和销售机构的艺术史学家、艺术品经销商和博物馆员工揭露了古代到现代艺术的伪造品。其目的是通过快速的国际侦察，尽早制止这种销售，并通过揭露伪造者和伪造者的作坊，来生产这种假冒产品。与2005年在德国建立的“关键作品数据库”一样，该杂志可以被视为当代伪作检测和预防的先驱。该项目的一个目的是检查努力的效率：它是否达到了它的目标？由于“Verein”和“Mittheilungen”的主要特征之一是它们的国际网络结构，因此将借助数字网络分析对它们进行分析。当涉及到关于“协会”的功能和组织结构的变化，关于在其期刊中讨论的物品的路径和进一步的命运，以及它们作为原件，赝品，复制品或再创作的变化地位的进一步问题时，这也很有帮助。在这一过程中，档案研究与数字分析将相互激励、相互区别。该项目的数字部分有几个不同但相互关联的目标。首先，“Mittheilungen”中每个条目中的相关信息将以XML格式捕获。在此数据集的基础上，网络被创建和分析。最初，网络分析侧重于揭示将主要参与者、机构和对象相互联系在一起的关系网络。然而，网络分析不是静态的，而是由支撑该项目的艺术史研究问题有机地塑造和指导的。与此同时，网络分析发现的特殊模式可能会揭示并建议项目中进行的档案研究的新途径。除了为ForNet的研究问题服务之外，生成的数据集也有更广泛的应用。ForNet设想创建一个在线研究环境，一个专门的网站，提供所有的数据，包括XML转录和网络可视化，由该项目产生。此外，XML转录中的数据被吸收到一个专门设计的图形数据库中，该数据库为该网站提供动力，并使以动态方式查询数据成为可能。因此，ForNet也为学者和更广泛（学术）社区的成员提供了一个资源。