A Study on Hydrological Cycle in the Headwater Basins Using Isotope

利用同位素研究源头流域水文循环

• 批准号: 13838004
• 负责人: TSUJIMURA Maki
• 金额: $ 2.05万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13838004/
• 关键词: Isotope; Headwater basin; Granite; Rhyolite; Rainfall-runoff process; Subsurface water

Hydrological observation, water sampling and chemical analysis of water were performed to investigate the relationship between the rainfall-runoff process and isotopic formation process of water in the headwater basins. Intensive observation and sampling were performed in mountainous headwater basins underlain by rhyolite in Nikko city, Tochigi prefecture, and hilly headwater basins underlain by granite in Ju-oh town, Ibaraki prefecture.Runoff characteristics and chemical tracer evidences snowed that subsurface water flowing through the bedrock should affect considerably on stream flow and spring water quantitatively and qualitatively in headwater basins underlain by rhyolite. Peak runoff rate at the rainstorms with the rainfall amount of more than 100 mm was ten times more than that at the rainstorm with the rainfall of less than 100 mm. A value of 100 mm in rainfall amount might be a critical factor in relation to the hydrological storage in the mountain.The mean tritium concentration in stream and spring waters of headwater basins in Ju-oh town was approximately 8 T.U., that value was relatively high as compared with that of precipitation of 5 T.U. in the Kanto district. This suggests that the average residence time in stream and spring waters would be approximately 20 years in the small basins underlain by granite. In the granite regions with thick weathered granite (usually more than 5 m), unsaturated subsurface flow would be predominant, and this should cause the long residence time in subsurface flow even in the small headwater basins.These results should be important for generalization of the rainfall-runoff processes in the headwater basins with steep relief in warm humid regions.

通过水文观测、水采样和水化学分析，探讨了源区降雨径流过程与水同位素形成过程的关系。在枥木县日光市的流纹岩下垫的山地源盆地和茨城县菊午镇的花岗岩下垫的丘陵源盆地进行了密集的观测和采样。径流特征和化学示踪证据表明，基岩中的地下水对流纹岩下垫的水源盆地的水流和泉水具有定量和定性的显著影响。大于100 mm暴雨时的径流量峰值是小于100 mm暴雨时的10倍。100毫米的降雨量可能是与山区水文储存量有关的关键因素。九午镇水源流域的溪流和泉水中氚的平均浓度约为8 T.U，与关东地区降水的5 T.U相比，氚的浓度相对较高。这表明，在花岗岩下垫的小盆地中，河流和泉水的平均停留时间约为20年。在风化花岗岩较厚（通常大于5 m）的花岗岩区，非饱和潜流将占主导地位，这将导致即使在较小的源头盆地中，潜流停留时间也较长。这些结果对于推广暖湿地区陡坡源流域的降雨-径流过程具有重要意义。

项目成果

Yoshida, N., Tsujimura, M.: "Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Hydrology -The Textbook for the Eleventh IHP Training Course in 2001-"Hydrospheric and Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, and United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Orga

Yoshida, N., Tsujimura, M.：《水文学中的氢和氧同位素-2001年第十一次IHP培训班教科书-》名古屋大学水圈和大气研究中心、联合国教育科学文化组织

Asai, K., Tsujimura, M. and Satake, H.: "Groundwater flow system and rainfall-runoff processes in the east slope of Mt.Norikura"Journal of Japanese Association of Hydrological Sciences. 31(4). 135-149 (2001)

浅井K.、辻村M.、佐竹H.：“乘鞍山东坡地下水流系统与降雨径流过程”日本水文学会会刊。

Tsujimura, M. et al.: "Behavior of subsurface water revealed by stable isotope and tensiometric observation in the Tibetan plateau"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. 79,1B. 599-605 (2001)

Tsujimura, M.等人：“青藏高原稳定同位素和张力观测揭示的地下水行为”日本气象学会杂志。

Tsujimura, M., ed. by Yoshida, N.: "Stable isotopic composition in soil water, "Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Hydrology -The Textbook for the Eleventh IHP Training Course in 2001-""Hydrospheric and Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, and Uni

Tsujimura，M.，编辑。

加藤祐子, 恩田裕一, 水山高久, 小杉賢一朗, 吉川愛, 辻村真貴, 秦耕二, 岡本正男: "揖斐川上流の地質の異なる流域における流出の遅れ時間の違い"砂防学会誌. 53巻4号. 38-43 (2000)

Yuko Kato、Yuichi Onda、Takahisa Mizuyama、Kenichiro Kosugi、Ai Yoshikawa、Maki Tsujimura、Koji Hata、Masao Okamoto：“伊比川上游不同地质流域径流延迟时间的差异”日本学会学报侵蚀控制。第 53 卷，第 4 期。38-43 (2000)