A Study on Water Use and Effect of Irrigation Development to Regional Agriculture in Myanmar using cropping Records and "Kwin Maps"

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By analyzing water use, land use and farming in Myanmar irrigated area using "Kwin Map" and the "Crop Cultivation Records" as village scale case studies, it proved that farming water and land use in the region evolved in harmony with the area's environment. In addition, the Study demonstrated that land use analysis using the "Kwin Map" and the "Crop Cultivation Records" as well as reading "Land-form" classifications on the "Kwin Map" focusing on boundary shapes and spatial arrangements of farming plots are highly effective in order to accurately understand micro topography and hydrological settings. In the studied Upper Burma irrigation area, it is found that annual rainfalls affect cropping locations/area and more intensive agriculture has started using ground water and agro-chemicals which might trigger salinization and land degradation on some farm lands of the areas.In the study, we also intended to examine the present situation of crop production and the behaviors of farmers on agriculture, to clarify the effects of irrigation development on village scale agriculture in Upper Burma rural area. The Study indicated that there were enough potential to increase the productivity of rice under irrigation area developed. However, insufficient government's subsidies, higher market price of fertilizer and lower improvement in agricultural mechanization were considered as distorting factors to meet the potential of rice production. Therefore, it was concluded that government should increases the provision of subsidies, such as fertilizer, pesticides, furl, and farm machinery, together with the efforts given on the improvement of irrigation system for the effective and efficient water use in agricultural sector, further improvement in crop productivity and profitability of agriculture.