A Study on Water Use and Effect of Irrigation Development to Regional Agriculture in Myanmar using cropping Records and "Kwin Maps"

利用耕作记录和“Kwin 地图”研究缅甸区域农业用水和灌溉发展的影响

• 批准号: 13838003
• 负责人: KOBAYASHI Hisashi
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Ibaraki University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13838003/
• 关键词: Cropping Pattern; Irrigation Development; Myanmar; Land Management System; GIS; Remote-sensing; Impact Assessment; 土地利用; かんがい施設; 作付け記録; クウィンマップ; 土地資源; かんがい

By analyzing water use, land use and farming in Myanmar irrigated area using "Kwin Map" and the "Crop Cultivation Records" as village scale case studies, it proved that farming water and land use in the region evolved in harmony with the area's environment. In addition, the Study demonstrated that land use analysis using the "Kwin Map" and the "Crop Cultivation Records" as well as reading "Land-form" classifications on the "Kwin Map" focusing on boundary shapes and spatial arrangements of farming plots are highly effective in order to accurately understand micro topography and hydrological settings. In the studied Upper Burma irrigation area, it is found that annual rainfalls affect cropping locations/area and more intensive agriculture has started using ground water and agro-chemicals which might trigger salinization and land degradation on some farm lands of the areas.In the study, we also intended to examine the present situation of crop production and the behaviors of farmers on agriculture, to clarify the effects of irrigation development on village scale agriculture in Upper Burma rural area. The Study indicated that there were enough potential to increase the productivity of rice under irrigation area developed. However, insufficient government's subsidies, higher market price of fertilizer and lower improvement in agricultural mechanization were considered as distorting factors to meet the potential of rice production. Therefore, it was concluded that government should increases the provision of subsidies, such as fertilizer, pesticides, furl, and farm machinery, together with the efforts given on the improvement of irrigation system for the effective and efficient water use in agricultural sector, further improvement in crop productivity and profitability of agriculture.

通过对缅甸灌溉区的水资源利用、土地利用和农业生产的分析，以“Kwin地图”和“农作物栽培记录”为村域尺度的案例研究，证明了该地区农业用水和土地利用与该地区的环境协调发展。此外，研究表明，使用“Kwin地图”和“作物栽培记录”进行土地利用分析，以及阅读“Kwin地图”上的“地貌”分类，侧重于农田的边界形状和空间布局，对于准确了解微观地形和水文环境非常有效。在所研究的上缅甸灌溉区，发现一年生作物影响种植地点/面积，更密集的农业已经开始使用地下水和农用化学品，这可能会引发该地区一些农田的盐碱化和土地退化。阐明上缅甸农村地区灌溉发展对村庄规模农业的影响。研究表明，在灌溉面积发展的条件下，水稻有足够的增产潜力。然而，政府补贴不足，化肥市场价格较高，农业机械化水平较低，被认为是扭曲因素，以满足水稻生产的潜力。因此，政府应增加对化肥、农药、肥料和农业机械的补贴，同时努力改善灌溉系统，以有效和高效地利用农业部门的水资源，进一步提高作物生产力和农业盈利能力。

项目成果

小林久: "施肥に関連する流出負荷低減策のライフサイクル分析-環境保全型農業に対するLCA適用の試み"環境情報科学. 31・1. 77-85 (2002)

小林尚：“与施肥相关的径流负荷减少措施的生命周期分析——将LCA应用于环境友好型农业的尝试”环境信息科学31・1（2002年）。

小林久: "上ビルマかんがい地域における地形,土地利用と農業"環境情報科学論文集. 15. 309-314 (2001)

Hisashi Kobayashi：“上缅甸灌溉地区的地形、土地利用和农业”环境信息科学杂志 15. 309-314 (2001)。

Kobayashi, Hisashi: "Characteristics of Topography, Land Use and Agriculture in Upper Burma Irrigation Area"Papers on Environ.Inform.Scie. vol.15. 309-314 (2002)

Kobayashi, Hisashi：“Characteristics of Topography, Land Use and Agriculture in Upper Burma Irrigation Area”论文发表于 Environ.Inform.Scie。

Kobayashi Hisashi: "An Examination of LCA Method in Evaluating Measures of Reduce Environmental Loads Discharge in the Process of Agriculture Nutrient Input: An approach to Application of LCA for Sustainable Agriculture"Environ.Inform.Scie. 31(1). 77-85 (

小林尚：“农业养分输入过程中减少环境负荷排放措施评价中LCA方法的检验：可持续农业LCA应用的方法”Environ.Inform.Scie。

Win Htut, Kobayashi, H., Nakagawa, M.: "An Economic Analysis of Summer Rice Cultivation in Irrigated Area of Myanmar : A Case Study of Hlegu Township, Yangon Division"農村研究. (accepted). (2004)

Win Htut，Kobayashi，H.，Nakakawa，M.：“缅甸灌溉区夏季水稻种植的经济分析：仰光省 Hlegu 镇的案例研究”（已接受）。